Unit 9- Vocabulary

Question 1

cell division

Answer 1

the process by which a parent cell divides into two daughter cells.

Question 2

ratio of surface area to volume

Answer 2

the size of the outer edge (surface area) of the cell divided by the amount of space inside (volume)

Question 3

asexual reproduction

Answer 3

only one organism is needed and it makes an exact carbon copy

Question 4

cloning

Answer 4

a technique scientists use to make exact genetic copies of living things

Question 5

chromosome

Answer 5

a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.

Question 6

chromatin

Answer 6

the material of which the chromosomes of organisms other than bacteria (i.e., eukaryotes) are composed. It consists of protein, RNA, and DNA.

Question 7

cell cycle

Answer 7

a series of events that takes place in a cell as it grows and divides.

Question 8

interphase

Answer 8

the resting phase between successive mitotic divisions of a cell, or between the first and second divisions of meiosis.

Question 9

mitosis

Answer 9

a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary tissue growth.

Question 10

cytokinesis

Answer 10

the cytoplasmic division of a cell at the end of mitosis or meiosis, bringing about the separation into two daughter cells.

Question 11

prophase

Answer 11

the first stage of cell division, before metaphase, during which the chromosomes become visible as paired chromatids and the nuclear envelope disappears. The first prophase of meiosis includes the reduction division.

Question 12

centromere

Answer 12

the region of a chromosome to which the microtubules of the spindle attach, via the kinetochore, during cell division.

Question 13

chromatid

Answer 13

each of the two threadlike strands into which a chromosome divides longitudinally during cell division. Each contains a double helix of DNA.

Question 14

centriole

Answer 14

a minute cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells, occurring in pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division.

Question 15

metaphase

Answer 15

the second stage of cell division, between prophase and anaphase, during which the chromosomes become attached to the spindle fibers.

Question 16

anaphase

Answer 16

the stage of meiotic or mitotic cell division in which the chromosomes move away from one another to opposite poles of the spindle.

Question 17

telophase

Answer 17

the final phase of cell division, between anaphase and interphase, in which the chromatids or chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell and two nuclei are formed.