ADIME & CHO Exchanges Flashcards
What is the Hamwi equation for amputations?
Adjusted IBW = (100 - % amputation)/100 x IBW original height
Entire leg 16%
Lower leg w/ foot 6%
Entire arm 5%
forearm with hand 2.3%
What is the Hamwi equation for spinal cord injury?
Quadriplegic: reduce by 10-15% table wt
Paraplegic: reduce by 5-10% table wt
What is the difference between normal vs hypoactive vs hyperactive bowel sounds?
Normal bowel sounds = gurgling high-pitched sounds every 5-15 seconds
Hypoactive bowel sounds = every 15-20 seconds (paralytic ileus or peritonitis)
Hyperactive bowel sounds = continuous, high-pitched tinkling sounds (diarrhea or intestinal obstruction)
What are 3 strategies that strengthen local food systems?
Farmer’s markets
Food recovery and gleaning programs = collect excess foods that would be thrown away otherwise
PPFPs (prepared and perishable food programs) = link sources of unused foods with social services agencies that serve the hungry
What are the 5 nutrition screening and surveillance systems?
Nutrition Survey: cross-sectional exam; examines a population group at a particular point in time
- Determines prevalence of condition or characteristic at a specific time
Nutrition Surveillance: continuous
- Data (ht/wt/hct/hgb) identifies needs and kind of intervention needed
Nutrition Screening Initiative (NSI): promote nutrition/improve nutritional care for the elderly
- Level 1 = anyone can do it. DETERMINE checklist
DE: Do you have a certain disease?
T: Do you have tooth loss?
E: economic hardship?
R: Reduced social contact
M: Multiple medications/which ones? “Polypharmacy”
I: Involuntary weight loss/gain
N: Need assistance?
E: Elderly above 80
- Level 2 = only RDs can do it. This involves diagnostic info on nutrition status.
Focus Group: 5-12 people brought together to talk about concerns/beliefs/probs.
- Contributes attitudinal data
National Nutrition Monitoring and Related Research Program (NNMRRP): all data collection/analysis activities of the government related to health/nutrition status/food consumption
- Jointly run by USDHHS and USDA
What is the difference between PedNSS and PNSS?
Pediatric Nutrition Surveillance System (PedNSS)
- Emphasis on 0-5 yrs, but mostly 0-17 years
- Low income and high at risk
- Monitors growth and nutritional status, infant-feeding practices
Pregnancy Nutrition Surveillance System (PNSS)
- Low income, high risk pregnant women
- Goals is to ID and reduce pregnancy-related health risks
What is the difference between NHANES vs USDA Nationwide Food Consumption Survey vs Food Safety and Nutrition Survey (FSANS)?
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)
- Ongoing program that evaluates clinical, chemical and anthropometrics
- NHANES 3 - oversampling of adults ≥65
2 x 24 hr dietary recalls and USDA conducting oversampling of adults ≥60 of African American and Hispanics
USDA Nationwide Food Consumption Survey
- Every 10 years
- Evaluates 7 nutrients: protein, Ca, Fe, B1, B2, vitamin C and A
- It must be 66% (⅔) of the RDA or above
Food Safety and Nutrition Survey (FSANS)
- Assess people’s awareness, knowledge understanding and reported behaviors related to food safety and nutrition-related topics
What is the difference between BRFSS and YRBSS?
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) - USDHHS
- Behavior of ADULTS: alcohol use, diabetes, smoking, etc
Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) - USDHHS
- Grades 9-12
- Developed to monitor health behaviors that contribute to morbidity, mortality and social problems, in this population
Which two programs are under the USDA Commodity Food Donation/Distribution Program?
CSFP aka Commodity Supplemental Food Program
- Monthly
- Elderly at least 60 years old
- MUST BE AT NUTRITION RISK
- Eligible participants can’t participate in both WIC and CSFP at the same time anymore (as of 2019)
TEFAP (The Emergency Food Assistance Program)
- Has limitations
- Quarterly
- Homeless shelters
What is TANF (Temporary Assistance for Needy Families)?
States determine eligibility/ benefits and services provided; grants funds to states
What is the difference between the NSLP vs NSBP vs Summer Food Service Program (SFSP)?
NSLP:
- Entitlement
- ⅓ of the recommended intake for protein, vitamin A, C, Fe, and Ca
- 2 oz meat per serving; nuts should be half of that
- Graham flour is considered whole grain
- ¾ cup vegetables = 1 serving (K-5)
NSBP:
- Entitlement
- ¼ daily needs must be provided (protein, calcium, iron, vitamin A, vitamin C)
SFSP: Summer Food Service Program - USDA School Lunch
- Entitlement program
- For when school is out
What is the difference between the Afterschool Snack Program and Special Milk Program?
ASP: Afterschool Snack Programs - USDA
- Cash subsidies for each snack served, same eligibility as NSLP
SMP: Special Milk Program - USDA
- Reimburses schools for milk served
- Summer camps not participating in other subsidized meal programs
- Available to schools NOT associated with the NSLP
What is the difference between the CACFP vs FFVP?
CACFP: Child and Adult Care Food Program - USDA
- Homeless shelters, day care centers, neighborhood houses, nonresidential adult day care centers
- Meals must meet guidelines
- Must offer free or reduced-price to eligible participants
- Eligibility standards the same as NSLP
FFVP: Fresh Fruits and Vegetable Program - USDA
- Children
- Helps develop healthy eating habits to improve their health, and prevent obesity/chronic disease
- Selected schools
What is the difference between WIC and SNAP?
WIC: Women, Infants and Children - USDA
- PRIORITY = pregnant, breastfeeding women and infants
- For P, PP, BF women
- Infants up to FIVE
- Must be poor to qualify
- Health exam is required: E.g. head circumference
- Foods provided include iron-fortified formula, cereal, milk, yogurt, cheese
- Lactose intolerant → beans, PB, soymilk, and lactose-free milk
- WIC FMNP: coupons at FM to buy fresh fruits and veggies
SNAP: Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program - USDA
- Largest food assistance program, Entitlement
- Low income individuals with no health exam required
- Not for non-food items
- Also has nutrition education
- EBT = electronic benefits transfer card
What is the difference between EFNEP and Maternal/Child Health Block Grant?
EFNEP: Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program - USDA
- Tips and teaching skills
- Improves food practices of low-income households with young kids
- Does NOT provide food
Maternal and Child Health Block Grant - USDHHS
- Title 5: CHILD = 5 LETTERS
- Women of child-bearing age, infants, children; state eligibility requirements
