10.4 - 10.6 Notes

Question 1

plate movement is caused by

Answer 1

convection currents pulling and pushing the crust

Question 2

where two plates are moving apart

Answer 2

divergent boundaries

Question 3

large areas where the crust has fractured and created depressions with steep walls common feature of a divergent boundary

Answer 3

rift valleys

Question 4

mountainous ranges where magma reaches the surface

Answer 4

oceanic ridges

Question 5

seafloor spreading produces

Answer 5

new crust

Question 6

where two plates grind past each other

Answer 6

transform boundaries

Question 7

plates are ____ to the direction of plate movement in transform boundaries

Answer 7

parallel

Question 8

what do transform boundaries usually join

Answer 8

two segments of a mid-ocean ridge

Question 9

where two plates are moving together

Answer 9

convergent boundaries

Question 10

occurs when one plate moves under the other

Answer 10

subduction zone

Question 11

denser oceanic crust ___ into the asthenosphere

Answer 11

sink

Question 12

what develops and rises on the oceanic-continental boundary

Answer 12

pockets of magma

Question 13

what forms by the subduction of oceanic lithosphere beneath a continent

Answer 13

continental volcanoes

Question 14

when two oceanic plates converge and one descends beneath the other

Answer 14

oceanic-oceanic boundary

Question 15

an oceanic-oceanic boundary forms what

Answer 15

volcanoes on the ocean floor

Question 16

what forms as a volcano emerges from the sea

Answer 16

volcanic islands

Question 17

when two continental plates collide and one plate subducts under the other

Answer 17

continental-continental boundary

Question 18

what does continental-continental boundary produce

Answer 18

mountain ranges such as the Himalayas

Question 19

zones of the ocean floor that separates the thin oceanic crust from the thick continental crust

Answer 19

continental margin

Question 20

large flat sediment covered area of the ocean floor

Answer 20

abyssal plain

Question 21

underwater mountain system formed by divergent plates - creates new crust

Answer 21

mid ocean ridge

Question 22

as plates move apart faults are created. Sections of crust can drop down creating depressions

Answer 22

rift valley

Question 23

a long narrow steep sided depression caused by a subduction zone

Answer 23

trench

Question 24

a submarine mountain that creates an island when it reaches the surface of the ocean

Answer 24

seamount/island

Question 25

the vibrations of Earth’s crust produced by the rapid release of energy

Answer 25

earthquake

Question 26

what is a earthquake caused by

Answer 26

slippage along a break in the Earth’s crust

Question 27

the location on the surface directly above the focus

Answer 27

epicenter

Question 28

fractures in earths crust where movement has occurred

Answer 28

fault line

Question 29

the point within the earth where the earthquake starts and energy releases

Answer 29

focus

Question 30

when there is movement along a ____ stored energy is released

Answer 30

fault

Question 31

the vibrations from an earthquake are caused by the rocks trying to

Answer 31

return to their original state

Question 32

when the strength of the rock is exceeded

Answer 32

it suddenly breaks causing the vibrations of an earthquake

Question 33

the study of earthquake waves

Answer 33

seismology

Question 34

instruments that record earthquake waves

Answer 34

seismograph

Question 35

a recording of ground motion

Answer 35

seismograph

Question 36

p-waves are which waves

Answer 36

compression waves (push-pull waves)

Question 37

p-waves do what in the direction they travel

Answer 37

compress and expand

Question 38

p-waves can travel through

Answer 38

solids, liquids, and gases

Question 39

p-waves have the greatest what of all earthquake waves

Answer 39

velocity

Question 40

s-waves are

Answer 40

transverse waves

Question 41

particles move __ in the direction they travel (s-waves)

Answer 41

90 degrees

Question 42

s-waves travel only through

Answer 42

solids

Question 43

s-waves have a slower what compared to p-waves

Answer 43

velocity

Question 44

surface waves travel

Answer 44

along the earth’s outer layer (crust)

Question 45

what are the most destructive earthquake waves

Answer 45

L-waves

Question 46

the ground moves up and down and back and forth for which waves

Answer 46

L-waves