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GIR Test 4 > B5-099 Electrolyte Imbalance > Flashcards

B5-099 Electrolyte Imbalance Flashcards

1
Q

what electrolyte disturbance is causing these symptoms?

nausea
malaise
stupor
coma
seizures

A

low sodium

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2
Q

what electrolyte disturbance is causing these symptoms?

irritability
stupor
coma

A

high sodium

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3
Q

what electrolyte disturbance is causing these symptoms?

U waves and flattened T waves on ECG
arrhythmias
muscle cramps
spasm
weakness

A

low potassium

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4
Q

what electrolyte disturbance is causing these symptoms?

wide QRS and peaked T waves on ECG
arrhythmias
muscle weakness

A

high potassium

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5
Q

what electrolyte disturbance is causing these symptoms?

tetany
seizures
QT prolongation
twitching
spasm

A

low calcium

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6
Q

what electrolyte disturbance is causing these symptoms?

renal stones
bone pain
abdominal pain
increased urinary frequency
anxiety
AMS

A

high calcium

stones, bones, groans, thrones, psychiatric overtones

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7
Q

what electrolyte disturbance is causing these symptoms?

tetany
torsades
hypokalemia
hypocalcemia

A

low magnesium

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8
Q

what electrolyte disturbance is causing these symptoms?

lethargy
bradycardia
hypotension
cardiac arrest
hypocalcemia

A

high magnesium

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9
Q

what electrolyte disturbance is causing these symptoms?

bone loss
osteomalacia
rickets

A

low phosphate

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10
Q

what electrolyte disturbance is causing these symptoms?

renal stones
metastatic calcifications
hypocalcemia

A

high phosphate

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11
Q

winter’s formula

A

PCO2= 1.5 [HCO3] + 8 +/- 2

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12
Q

what type of volume osmolality disturbance does malabsorptive diarrhea cause?

A

hypotonic contraction

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13
Q

Bartters syndrome causes metabolic […]

A

alkalosis

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14
Q

excess aldosterone activates the proton ATPases causing excessive proton loss and metabolic alkalosis

A

Bartters

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15
Q

in RTA, calcium levels are abnormally […]

A

increased

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16
Q

in RTA, the high amount of protons and low pH stimulate bone reabsorption and […] release into blood

A

calcium

causes hypercalciuria

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17
Q

what type of volume osmolality disturbance does diabetes insipidus cause?

A

hypertonic contraction

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18
Q

diabetes insipidus leads to […] due to the primary loss in free water

Na+

A

hypernatremia

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19
Q

fever and tachypnea lead to […] due to a primary loss of free water

Na+

A

hypernatremia

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20
Q

psychogenic polydipsia dilutes body fluids causing

Na+

A

hyponatremia

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21
Q

what type of volume osmolality disturbance does excess administration of .9% saline cause?

A

isotonic expansion

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22
Q

what type of volume osmolality disturbance does hemorrhage cause?

A

isotonic contraction

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23
Q

what type of volume osmolality disturbance does Liddle’s syndrome cause?

A

hypertonic expansion

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24
Q

what type of volume osmolality disturbance does malabsorptive diarrhea cause?

A

hypotonic contraction

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25
Q

what type of volume osmolality disturbance does profuse sweating cause?

A

hypertonic contraction

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26
Q

what type of volume osmolality disturbance does psychogenic polydipsia cause?

A

hypotonic expansion

27
Q

leads to excessive Na+ retention and K+ loss due to excessive stimulation of the basolateral NaKATPase

A

primary hyperaldosteronism

28
Q
  • hypernatremia
  • hypokalemia
  • metabolic alkalosis
A

primary hyperaldosteronism

29
Q

how does primary hyperaldosteronism cause metabolic alkalosis?

A

hyperactivation of proton ATPases that excrete protons into tubular lumen

30
Q

characterized by loss of potassium in urine leading to hypokalemia

A

Bartters

31
Q

aldosterone deficiency
ACE inhibitors
and acidosis all cause..

hypo or hyper kalemia

A

hyperkalemia

32
Q

what electrolyte imbalance would be seen with excessive use of furosemide?

A

hyponatremia

inhibits NKCC

33
Q

in bartter’s, the increase in renin release due to malfunction of the NKCC leads to

A

secondary hyperaldosteronism

34
Q

in Bartters, hyperaldosteronism causes continuous activation of proton secretion, leading to

A

metabolic alkalosis

35
Q

mannitol causes movement of water from the interstitial space to the bloodstream causing

A

dilution of electrolytes

36
Q

[…] inhibits ANP release

A

hypovolemia

37
Q

renin and SNS activation cause […] of TPR

A

increase

38
Q

fluid contraction and low BP activate

A

RAAS system

39
Q

diarrhea causes […] levels of bicarb in plasma

A

reduced

40
Q

chracterized by the low urine volume, presence of hemoglobin and RBCs in urine

A

HUS

41
Q

loss of hydrochloric acid through vomiting leads to

A

alkalosis

increased pH

42
Q

how does vomiting affect blood pH?

A

increase

43
Q

atypical HUS is caused by

A

genetic mutation leading to chronic uncontrolled activation of the complement system

44
Q

characterized by activation of blood coagulation resulting in generation and deposition of fibrin and consumption of clotting factors

A

DIC

45
Q

results in hemorrhage and MODS

A

DIC

46
Q
  • rare blood disorder characterized by clotting in small vessels, resulting in a low platelet count
  • accompanied by neurological abnormalities and purpura
A

TTP

47
Q

the first immediate goal for a patient with HUS should be

A

control electrolyte balance and avoid dehydration

48
Q

should you give antibiotics for HUS?

A

no, destruction of bacteria will exacerbate disease

49
Q

HUS causes […] GFR

low or high

A

low

50
Q

characterized by an increased in sodium reabsorption through a mutated ENAc

A

Liddles

51
Q

Liddles syndrome causes an […] in intravascular volume

increase or decrease

A

increase

52
Q

constant diarrhea cause loss of which electrolytes?

A

all

despite retention of Na+ and K+ due to kidney failure, GI losses dominat

53
Q
  • hypernatremia
  • hypokalemia
  • metabolic alkalosis
A

primary hyperaldosteronism

54
Q
  • hyponatremia
  • hyperkalemia
  • metabolic acidosis
A

hypoaldosteronism

55
Q

hypercalcemia accompanying RTA is due to

A

bone reabsorption

56
Q

thiazide OD can cause what electrolyte imbalance?

A

hyponatremia with hypotonicity

57
Q

what electrolyte imbalance can beta-2-agonists cause?

A

hypokalemia

58
Q

beta 2 stimulation shifts K+ into cells via activation of

A

NaKATPase in skeletal muscle

causes drop in intravascular K+

59
Q

what electrolyte disturbances does secretory diarrhea cause?

A

hypokalemia
metabolic acidosis

60
Q

in metabolic acidosis with compensation by the lungs, PaCO2 will […] and PaO2 will […]

A

PaCO2 will decrease
PaO2 will increase

61
Q

what electrolyte disturbances does Gitelman’s cause?

A

hyponatremia
hypokalemia
hypomagnesemia
hypocalcemia

62
Q

in diabetes insipidus, electrolytes in the plasma would be […]

A

concentrated

63
Q

respiratory acidosis inhibits NaKATPase causing

A

hyperkalemia

64
Q

insulin activates NaKATPase simulating the uptake of […] into cells

A

K+

K+ will decrease in plasma

GIR Test 4 (18 decks)

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