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earth and environmental > unit 5 > Flashcards

unit 5 Flashcards

1
Q

what are igneous rocks?

A

rocks formed by the cooling of magma

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2
Q

what are sedimentary rocks?

A

rocks that are formed when sediments are cemented together

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3
Q

what are processes that make sediment into sedimentary rock?

A

weathering, erosion, deposition, lithification, cementation

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4
Q

what is metamorphic rock?

A

existing rocks that are changed by heat or pressure

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5
Q

what are convergent boundaries?

A

plates moving together

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6
Q

what are collision convergent boundaries?

A

two continents converging

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7
Q

what is created during collision convergent boundaries?

A

mountains

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8
Q

what are subduction convergent boundaries?

A

two plates moving together and the denser plate subducts into the mantle

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9
Q

what is created at an ocean to ocean subduction convergent boundary?

A

deep sea trenches and volcanic islands

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10
Q

what is created at a continental-to-continental convergent boundary?

A

deep sea trenches, mountain ranges, volcanoes

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11
Q

what are divergent boundaries?

A

when plates move away from each other

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12
Q

what is created at ocean to ocean divergent plates?

A

mid-ocean ridges, seafloor spreading

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13
Q

what is created at continental-to-continental divergent boundaries?

A

valleys and volcanoes

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14
Q

what is pyroclastic flow?

A

cloud of volcanic gas, dust and tephra

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15
Q

what is a caldera?

A

a large depression that forms when a volcano collapses

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16
Q

what is lahar?

A

volcanic debris within mud

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17
Q

what is a vent?

A

the opening where lava erupts from a volcano

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18
Q

what is viscosity?

A

resistance of a liquid substance to flow (thickness)

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19
Q

what is a shield volcano?

A

biggest volcano, broad-gentle slopes, non-explosive erupts, contains basaltic magma

20
Q

what is a cinder-cone volcano?

A

smallest volcano, small and steep sides, ejected material piled high, explosive eruptions contains rhyolitic magma

21
Q

what is a composite volcano?

A

layers of lava with fragments, large mountain, violent eruptions, contains andesitic magma

22
Q

what is basaltic magma?

A

forms shield volcanoes, forms in the upper mantle, low viscosity, quiet explosion

23
Q

what is rhyolitic magma?

A

forms cinder-cone volcanoes, high viscosity, high explosiveness

24
Q

what is andesitic magma?

A

forms in subduction zones, intermediate viscosity, intermediate explosiveness

25
Q

what is the crust?

A

the thinnest, outermost solid layer of earth

26
Q

what is the mantle?

A

the thickest zone making up of 2/3 of earth’s mass

27
Q

what is the lithosphere?

A

a solid layer made up of the upper mantle and the lower crust

28
Q

what is the asthenosphere?

A

a flexible layer made up of the upper mantle

29
Q

what is the core made of?

A

nickel and iron

30
Q

what is the outer core?

A

a dense liquid layer that s waves can’t pass through

31
Q

what is the inner core?

A

the dense, solid core

32
Q

what is force?

A

any push or pull

33
Q

what is stress?

A

force

34
Q

what is strain?

A

bend

35
Q

what are the three type of faults?

A

normal faults, reverse faults, strike-slip faults

36
Q

what are normal faults?

A

the rock moves up and down, occurs at divergent boundaries

37
Q

what happens at reverse faults?

A

rock above the fault moves up, occur at convergent boundaries

38
Q

what happens at the strike-slip fault?

A

rock move away from each other, occur at transform boundaries

39
Q

what is seismology?

A

the study of earthquakes

40
Q

what is a focus-point?

A

the underground point where an earthquake originates

41
Q

what is the epicenter?

A

the point on the earth’s surface above the focus

42
Q

where does compression occur?

A

convergent boundaries with reverse faults

43
Q

where does tension occur?

A

divergent boundaries with normal faults

44
Q

where does shear occur?

A

transform boundaries with strike-slip faults

45
Q

what are primary waves?

A

the fastest seismic waves that can travel through liquids, solids, and inbetween

46
Q

what are secondary waves?

A

slower waves, particles move perpendicular to the waves

47
Q

what are long waves?

A

seismic waves that move in circles and travel along earth’s surface creating the most damage

earth and environmental (9 decks)

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