Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology Final > Chapter 16: Immune System > Flashcards

Chapter 16: Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

What is innate/non-specific immunity ?

A

doesn’t care what the specific pathogen is, just knows it doesn’t belong
- generalized response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is adaptive/specific immunity ?

A

identification of an antigen through the previous memory of the pathogen
- have to know what they’re up against

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the function of the 1° lymphoid tissue ?

A

production and maturation of immune cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the function of the 2° lymphoid tissue ?

A

filters blood or lymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the function of 3° or Ectopic tissue ?

A

arises in areas of inflammation, chronic infections, autoimmune disease, allografts, or cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the function of phagocytes ?

A

get rid of the bacteria or dead/damaged cells
- “clean-up crew”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the function of the cytotoxic cells ?

A

secrete chemicals that will kill any cells around it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the purpose of chemotaxis ?

A

chemically attracts phagocytes to site of infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the purpose of opsonin ?

A

antibodies or complement proteins that tag encapsulated bacteria for phagocytosis
- promotes phagocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a phagosome ?

A

the vesicle that contains the pathogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is phagolysosome ?

A

the fusion of phagosome and lysosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the function of interferon (IFN) ?

A

prevents other cells from working with the virus
- produced by virally infected cells
- innate response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the function of Histamine ?

A

increase intracellular gaps and dilates blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the function of Perforin ?

A

apoptosis of virally infected and some cancer cells
- innate response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is chronic inflammation ?

A

prolonged response and may last years
- leads to tissue destruction, and produces scar tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is acute inflammation ?

A

immediate response and lasts about 8-10 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the function of the IgA antibody ?

A

external secretions
- mothers produce and put into their breast milk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the function of the IgD antibody ?

A

help to activate surface of B-lymphocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the function of the IgE antibody ?

A

are keys in allergies and work against parasitic worms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the function of the IgG antibody ?

A

2° immune response
- can cross the placenta
- act as an opsonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the function of the IgM antibody ?

A

1° immune response
- works against our ABO blood types
- can’t cross the placenta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is passive immunity ?

A

no memory cells
- antibodies
-didn’t active immune system

23
Q

What is active immunity ?

A

1° (primary) immune response
- vaccinations
- activates the immune system
- is sensitized

24
Q

What antibody causes the mast cells and basophils to degranulate ?

A

IgE

25
Q

On what cells are MHC-I on ?

A

on all nucleated cells except neuron (not on RBCs)

26
Q

On what cells are MHC-II on ?

A

on antigen presenting cells

27
Q

Which lymphatic tissue would develop after birth and in response to chronic inflammation ?

A

3° lymphatic tissue

28
Q

What lymphocyte is responsible for antibody production ?

A

plasma cells

29
Q

What proteins are always present in inflammation ?

A

c-reactive proteins

30
Q

What can C-reactive proteins be used for ?

A

to measure how much inflammation a person has

31
Q

Does innate or adaptive immunity give a faster response ?

A

innate

32
Q

What is the function of the pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs) ?

A

it’s a molecular/chemical pattern that some pathogens may have in common that the PRR can recognize
- on pathogen

33
Q

What is the function of the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) ?

A

it’s a receptor on the phagocyte that can recognize the pattern of the pathogen and identify it as being non-self
- on the phagocyte

34
Q

What are examples of innate immunity ?

A
  • inflammation
  • phagocytosis
  • antigen presenting cells (APCs)
  • complement cascade (alternative pathway)
35
Q

What are examples of adaptive immunity ?

A
  • cell mediated immunity
  • antibody mediated immunity
  • complement cascade (classical pathway)
36
Q

Which MHC do the Helper T-Lymphocytes have ?

A

MHC-II

37
Q

Which MHC do the Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte have ?

A

MHC-I

38
Q

What are examples of our first line of defense ?

A

skin, mucous membranes, etc

39
Q

What is the function of the Antigen-Presenting Cells ?

A

forms a crossover/bridge between innate and specific immunity

40
Q

What is another name for Helper-T-Lymphocytes ?

A

CD4

41
Q

What is another name for the Cytotoxic T-Lymphocytes ?

A

CD8

42
Q

What do the Helper T-Lymphocytes activate ?

A

B-Lymphocytes

43
Q

In inflammation what does the release of histamine do ?

A

makes the intracellular gaps bigger and dilates the blood vessels
- causes edema: swelling caused by a collection of fluids
- increased blood flow: makes it look red and feel warm since there is more blood in the vessels

44
Q

What is the function of Heparin in inflammation ?

A

acts as an anticoagulant
- makes sure you have continued blood flow

45
Q

What facilitates diapedesis ?

A

Interleukin-1

46
Q

What do the prostaglandins, and bradykinins do in the inflammation response ?

A

cause vasodilation and stimulates pain receptors

47
Q

What cells will the Helper T-Lymphocytes differentiate into ?

A

effector and memory cells

48
Q

What cells will the Cytotoxic T-Lymphocytes differentiate into ?

A

active and memory cells

49
Q

What cells will the Naive B- Lymphocytes differentiate into ?

A

plasma and memory cells

50
Q

What has to active the Naive B-Lymphocytes ?

A
  • when exposed to an antigen
  • the Helper T-Interleukins
51
Q

What do Effector cells do ?

A

do the actual work of phagocytosis

52
Q

What do Action cells do ?

A

actually make the antibodies and produce the cytotoxin

53
Q

What part of the antibody is constant and never changes ?

A

Fc region
- activates innate leukocyte activity

54
Q

What part of the antibody is variable ?

A

Fab region
- antibody specific

Physiology Final (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions