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S&S - Exam 4 > Ruminant and Swine Dermatology > Flashcards

Ruminant and Swine Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

Dermatophilosis
- pathogenesis
- type of organism
- clinical signs

A
  • Moist, dirty environments (sanitation issue)
  • Zoonotic
  • Gram (+), filamentous Cocci
  • Clinical signs: paint brush lesions, moist gray/pink surface under crusts
  • Extremities, muzzle and dorsum
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2
Q

It is January in Virginia and a local farmer reports that several calves on his lot have circular areas of hair loss on their head and neck. Upon physical examination, you also scaling and crusting. The farmer also states that he has noticed a similar lesion on his arm. You diagnose the calves with Dermatophytosis.

  • What is the inciting cause?
  • How did the calves/farmer contract this condition?
  • How will you treat and prevent the condition from recurring?
A

Inciting Cause
- Fungus: trichophyton verrucosum (many others)

Pathogenesis
- Picked up in environment; spores live in wood/on equipment; condition is contagious / zoonotic!
- Confinemnet housing, humid conditions, lack of sun

Treatment and Prevention
- remove crusts; apply antifungal creams
- Iodine baths/ointment; is usually self-limiting
- limit contact with fomites; proper housing; reduce moisure in environment; control scratching (lice tx)

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3
Q

What is “Club Lamb Fungus”

A

Show lambs have short hair (State Trooper / Corp Cadet haircut):
- bathed (3x/day for a week) ridding of all the beneficial skin oils -> skin is “ripe” for an infection -> children are touching these lambs at shows and spread ringworm (zoonotic fungus) to the susceptible lambs

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4
Q

A 15-month-old bull presents for a firm, protruding mass that has a horny dry surface. You diagnose Papillomatosis (wart).

  • Inciting cause?
  • Pathogenesis?
  • Tx? Prevention?
A
  • Papillomavirus - proliferative lesions!
  • Pathogenesis = skin trauma; is contagious! Often seen with tattooing and ear tagging
  • Tx = cut them off; crush them (release T-Cells & accelerates immune response)
  • Prevention = vaccine (autogenous, commercial)
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5
Q

A herd of 5-month-old lambs present for proliferative scabby lesions at mucocutaneous junctions- mouth, eyes and nose.

  • What is the inciting cause / diagnosis?
  • How will you treat and prevent this condition?
A

Parapoxvirus: Contagious ecthyma, orf, sore mouth
- kids and lambs (< 6 months)
- hardy virus: persists in environment (e.g., fairgrounds). Once a farm is infected, it is always infected!
- Zoonotic
- Tx = ABX and analgesics
- Prevention = live-virus vaccine

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6
Q

What are the species of biting and sucking lice in food animals?

A

Biting: Bovicola sp.
Sucking: Haematopinus sp. or Linognathus sp.

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7
Q

Time frame of lice in cattle vs. goats/sheep/swine?

A
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8
Q

How are lice treated in cattle?

A

Treat in fall and @ first time in the year with injectable ivermectins (sucking lice) or pyrethroids (larvae)

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9
Q

How are lice treated in cattle?

A

winter and spring
Treat in fall and @ first time in the year with injectable ivermectins (sucking lice) or pyrethroids (larvae)

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10
Q

Where are the lesiosn of chorioptic mange in cattle versus sheep/goats?

A
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11
Q

Treatment of chorioptic mange

A

topical insecticides; lime sulfur baths; dexamethosone and ceftiofur for hypersensitivitity rxn

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12
Q

Blow Fly Strike: what are they attracted to / pathogenesis

A

Livestock
“poopy butt”, necrotic tissue, soaked fleece -> eggs hatch within hours of being laid -> the larvae (screwworms) develop in host tissues -> can cause death in small ruminants via systemic infection (staph bacteria)

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13
Q

What fly causes cattle spinal cord lesions?

A

Hypoderma bovis = warbles/ bots

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14
Q

Pathogenesis, clinical signs and treatment for Hypoderma?

A

Grubicide before Nov15

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15
Q

Where do lesions manifest in Squamous Cell Carcinoma? (cattle v. sheep v. goats)

A

White/non-pigmented cattle, sheep, goats
- Cattle: ocular lesions
- Sheep: crusty, weeping, thickened ears
- Goats: vulva, anus, udder, base of tail

More often = goats (hold tail up; UV-induced // more light to these regions)

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16
Q

What is the inciting cause of photosensitization in livestock?

A

When phototoxins enter the skin and are exposed to ultraviolet light -> reaction occurs and manifests in light-colored, thin-skinned or hairless areas (eyes, nose or teats) => Bad sunburn, sloughing of skin

When cattle and sheep eat plants, the chlorophyll in the plants breaks down to release a phototoxin called phylloerythrin. Usually the animal processes phylloerythrin safely through the liver. Sometimes this is not possible if there is lots and lots of phylloerythrn or when the liver is damaged by toxic plants such as cape weed or rough dog’s tail. In this situation cattle become photosensitised as a result of un-processed phylloerythrin entering the blood stream.

Cattle may also become photosensitised directly by eating plants containing phototoxins, for example brassica crops (especially if fertilised with high levels of nitrogen) or weeds (e.g. St Johns Wort). A few plants (e.g. parsnips; celery and parsley) are able to cause blisters and photosensitivity on contact with skin.

17
Q

Sheep develop high fever -> possible sequela?

A

Wool Break
- wool falls out, normal or sunburnt skin

18
Q

What conditions are Vietnamese Pot Bellies prone to?

A
  • Dry skin (low humidity)
  • Blown Coat Syndrome (acute alopecia, natural shedding, stress -> hair grows back in 6-10 weeks)
19
Q

Pathogenesis of Greasy Pig Disease (Exudative Epidermitis):

A
  • Staphylococcus hyicus
  • young pigs (sucklings/weanlings) -> fighting (ears!)
  • immunosuppression (research pigs)
20
Q

Clinical signs, tx and prevention of Greasy Pig Disease?

A
  • greasy, sticky-feel dark scabs; rancid smell; fever, d+
  • tx = abx, oatmeal baths
  • prevention = sanitation, stress control
21
Q

What skin condition is self-limiting and is most commonly spread in the farrowing room / among recently weaned pigs?

A

Pustular Dermatitis - streptococcus groups C & L
- results from skin abrasion
- prevention = hygiene, reduce stress/fighting

22
Q

How is swine pox spread?

A

Direct contact; lice

23
Q

What causes Porcine Dermatitis and Nephropathy Syndrome?

A
  • Porcine circovirus (immune-mediated dz)
  • 12-16-week-old pigs; fatal
24
Q

Pathogenesis of Sarcoptic Mange

A
25
Q

Sarcoptic Mange
- diagnosis
- tx
- prevention

A
26
Q

Nutritional Parakeratosis
- pathogenesis
- clinical signs

A

Zinc deficiency; too much calcium in diet; GI dz
- erythematous macules & papules
- hard, dry brownish-to-blackish crusts

27
Q

Juvenile Pustual Psoriasiform Dermatitis (Pityriasis rosea)
- signalment
- clinical signs

A
  • 3-14-week-old piglets
  • white breeds, landrace; heredity plays a role
  • looks like dermatophytosis except PRESENCE OF RED RIGN AROUND THE CIRCULAR LESION!
  • absent pruritis

S&S - Exam 4 (16 decks)

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