intro to linguistics Flashcards
what is the belief that language is the gift of the gods to humans
the divine source
what is belief predicates that humans were created from the start with an innate capacity to use language.
the divine source
who made the experiment that concluded that the origin of language is in Phrygian?
Pharaoh Psammetichus I
the theory that believes that Primitive words are considered to be imitations of natural sounds that people hear around them.
The natural sound a bird makes is argued to have been used to describe that particular animal.
The natural sound source
The sounds of a human engaged in an activity requiring physical effort could be the source, is the theory of?
The social interaction source
The physical characteristics that other creatures don’t have that would support speech production. Those physical features enable us to utter speech sounds and ultimately speak a human language.
is the theory of?
The physical adaptation source
the belief that manual gestures of human hands may have been a precursor (originator) of language.
The tool-making source
what is the theory that believes that there must be some genes responsible for language production in the brain?
the genetic source
……………………. the scientific or systematic study of language.
a) linguistics
b) intro to linguistics
c) pragmatics
a
………….. it scientifically studies the rules, systems and principles of human languages.
linguistics
knowing a language does not entail knowing the sounds of that language. true or false?
false, Knowing a language includes knowing the sounds of that language
……………….the scientific study of speech sounds.
a) phonology
b) phonetics
c) phonotactics
b
It studies how speech sounds are articulated, transmitted, and received.
……………………….
phonetics
focuses on how listeners perceive the sounds of language.
a) auditory phonetics
b) acoustic phonetics
c) articulatory phonetics
a
focuses on the physical properties of the sounds of language.
a) auditory phonetics
b) acoustic phonetics
c) articulatory phonetics
b
focuses on how the speech sounds are articulated
a) auditory phonetics
b) acoustic phonetics
c) articulatory phonetics
c
a constant can be lenis( voiceless) or fortis ( voiced). true or false?
false,
Voiced (lenis)
Voiceless (fortis)
the feature of voiced/ voiceless can be determined by the position of theee tongue. true or false?
false, according to vibration of vocal folds/cords
Voiceless means the vocal cords are apart. So, when the air stream passes through them, there would be no vibration. true or false?
true
when the vocal cords are closed the constant produced is called voiceless. true or false?
false, voiced
the sounds produced are called oral when the velum is lowered. true or false?
false, it’s called nasal
There’s a closure/stricture closes the air passage in
……………..
a) fricatives
b) affricatives
c) plosives
c
the sound /P/ is described as…………….
a) voiced/bilabial/fricative
b) voiced/bilabial/stop
c) voiceless/bilabial/ stop
c
the sound /b/ is described as
…………….,………………,…………….
voiced/bilabial / plosive
the sound /t/ is described as…………..,……,………….
voiceless/alveolar/plosive
the sound /d/ is described as………,………,……….
voiced/alveolar/plosive
the sound/k/………….,………….,…………
voiceless/velar/plosive
the sound /g/ …,……..,…………..
voiced/velar/plosive
the sound/f/……………….,…………,………….
voiceless/labiodental/ fricative
the sound /v/……………..,.,,,,,,,,,,.,…………
voiced/labiodental/fricative
the sound /θ/ ……………..,……………,………..
voiceless / dental / fricative
the sound /ð/………………,………………,…………
voiced/ dental/ fricative
the sound /ʃ/ …………,…………….,…………..
voiceless/ palatal/fricative
the sound / ʒ/……………..,……………..,………..
voiced/palatal/fricative
the sound /h/ ………………,………,……………..
voiceless / glottal/ fricative
the sound / tʃ/ ………..,……………,………….
voiceless/palatal/ affricate
the sound /dʒ/ ………….,.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.,…………..
voiced/palatal/affiracte
the sound / n/ ………………..,………………….,………………
voiced/alveolar/nasal
the sound /m/ ……………,…………………,………………..
voiced/bilabial/ nasal
the sound /ŋ/ ……,……..,…………….
voiced/velar/nasals
the /l/ ………….,………………….,………………….
voiced/alveolar/liquids
the /r/ ……………….,……………………..,……………
voiced/ alveolar/ liquids
the sound /w/ ………….,………………….,…………………
voiced/bilabial/glides
the sound /j/ ………………….,……………………….,……………….
voiced/ palatal/glides
These are sounds formed using both (= bi) upper and lower lips (= labia). …………………
bilabial
These are sounds formed with the upper teeth and the lower lip.
labiodental
the description of the last phoneme in the word “cough” is
voiceless/labiodental/fricative (F)
These sounds are formed with the tongue tip behind the upper front teeth.
dental
the dental sound in words like the, there, then, and thus is θ. true or false?
false, / ð /
These are sounds formed with the front part of the tongue on the alveolar ridge, which is the rough, bony ridge immediately behind and above the upper teeth.
alveolar
the sound /s/ …………………..,…………………..,…………….
voiceless/alveolar/fricative
the sound /z/ ………………,…………….,……………..
voiced/alveolar/fricative
There is only one sound that is produced without the active use of the tongue and other parts of the mouth which is ………………
/h/ glottal
the manner of “stopping” of the air stream (very briefly) then letting it go abruptly…………..
plosive
the manner of blocking the air stream and having the air push through the very narrow opening……………
fricatives
If you combine a brief stopping of the air stream with an obstructed release which causes some friction, you will be able to produce………………….
affricates
the manner of articulation in the first phonemes of words like “joke” “cheap” and “jeep” is
a) fricative
b) affricate
c) plosive
b
the manner of articulation in words like “morning” and “knitting “name is ……………..
nasals
the liquids are always voiceless. true or false?
false, always voiced
the manner of articulation that is formed by letting the air stream flow around the sides of the tongue as the tip of the tongue makes contact with the middle of the alveolar ridge?
liquids
the liquids [l], [r] and glides [w], [j] are combined in one category called “……………………….”
a)vowels
b)flaps
c) approximants
c
occurs when the space between the
vocal folds (the glottis) is closed completely (very briefly), then released…………………..
glottal stop ʔ
in American speech, there is no difference between “ latter/ladder” and” metal/medal” because of the glottal stop. true or false?
false< because of the flap
vowel sounds are produced with a relatively free flow of air. true or false?
true
the position of the vowel in “bead” is “ high, front “ . true or false?
true
the position of the vowel /i/ is “low,back”. true or false?
false, “high,front”
the position of the vowel in”bid, myth, women” is “front”.true or false?
true
the vowel in “bed, dead, said” is “mid, front”. true or false?
true
the vowel /ɛ/ is “central” . true or false?
false, “front” ex”bed,dead,said”
the vowel in “ bad, laugh, wrap” are “low, front”. true or false?
true
the vowels in “ above, oven, support” are central. true or false?
true
the vowel / ʌ / is back vowels. true or false?
false, central “butt,blood,tough”
the vowels in “boo,two” are “high,back”. true or false?
true
the vowel /ʊ/ is “high, front”. true or false?
false, “high,back” ex “book,could,put”
the vowel / ɔ / is a front vowel. true or false?
false, back vowels ex”born, caught, fall, raw”
the vowel /a/ is a back vowel. true or false?
true ex”bob,cot,swan”
the movement in the vowel /aI/ is from high to low vowel. true or false?
false, low to high ex “ hi,bye”
the dipthong in the words “buy,eye,i,my,pie” is…………….
a) /aI/
b) /aʊ/
c) /eI/
d) /oʊ/
a
the diphthong in words like “bough, doubt, cow” is…………..
a) /aI/
b) /aʊ/
c) /eI/
d) /oʊ/
b
the diphthongs in “bait, eight, great, late, say” is
a) /aI/
b) /aʊ/
c) /eI/
d) /oʊ/
c
the diphthongs in “boat, home, throw, toe” is…………..
a) /aI/
b) /aʊ/
c) /eI/
d) /oʊ/
d
the diphthongs in ‘boy, noise” is ……………..
a) /aI/
b) /aʊ/
c) /eI/
d) /ɔI/
d
the “dark” L comes before vowels and /j/. true or false?
false, the clear L
‘dark’ /l/ occurs before consonants and in word-final position e.g. help, almost, tell
TRUE OR FALSE?
true
