STUDY GUIDE (Multiple Choice Questions) Flashcards
What is a peptide bond and why is it planar?
The amine group of an AA condenses onto the carboxylic group of another AA to form a peptide bond. Due to resonance between the lone pairs on N and the C=O bond, the peptide bonds have about 40% double bond structure which makes them rigid and maintains a planar structure.
5 types of 2ndary Protein Structures
alpha-helices
beta-sheets
random coils (reverse turns & loops)
coiled coils
superhelical coils
What are the 2 anomers of a glycoside?
alpha & beta
Describe an Alpha Glycoside
alpha
trans conformation
axial
top faced approach
#AT
Describe a Beta Glycoside
beta
cis
equatorial
bottom faced appraoch
#BeCis
Which Reaction Drives Protons Across the Mitochondrial Membrane? Why?
Reduction of O2 to H2O drive protons across the mitochondrial membrane b/c the rxn is exergonic and releases a lot of E.
What is the key enzyme in Glycogen Degradation?
glycogen phosphorylase
What molecule is used as a scaffold to begin glycogen synthesis?
glycogenin
Which 2 Metabolites do Ketogenic Amino Acids Form?
Acetyl CoA & Acetoacetate
What is the source of NH2 in the synthesis of most Amino Acids?
Glutamate (Glu)
What are the 2 sources of NH2 in Nucleotide Synthesis?
Glutamine (Gln)
Aspartate (Asp)
What molecule is used to reduce ribonuclotides into dexoyribonucleotides?
NADPH
What is the rxn equation for the reduction of a ribonuclotides into deoxyribonuclotides?
rNsDP + NADPH + H —>
dRsDP + NADP+ + H2O
What 3 molecules are used to make pyrimidines de novo?
Bicarbonate
Glutamine (Gln)
Aspartate (Asp)
What 3 molecules are used to make pyrimidines de novo?
Bicarbonate
Glutamine (Gln)
Aspartate (Asp)
