Henry VIII Society

Question 1

Role of the nobility

Answer 1

Exert royal authority in areas, especially after rebellions

Question 2

How did the role of the nobility change in Henry’s rule

Answer 2

Peerage increased (reached by royal successful service)
Lost their land to Henry who was gaining power

Question 3

Important nobility

Answer 3

Duke of Norfolk
Edward Seymour
Duke of Suffolk

Question 4

Who was Thomas Fiennes

Answer 4

In 1541 he was tried and convicted for the murder of a neighbours servant were he was then hanged like a common criminal
Thomas Darce, Lord Fiennes

Question 5

Example of the nobility supporting war

Answer 5

Earl of Shrewsbury raised over 4,000 men for the invasion of France in 1513

Question 6

Information about the gentry

Answer 6

Knighthoods were a sign of royal favour
Assumed they had the money to reflect the status
Increased in Henry’s reign

Question 7

Historians theories on the Gentry

Answer 7

Guy = 5,000 gentry families in 1540
Susan Bridgen = 200 knight families in 1524
Increased in Henry’s rule (latter half)

Question 8

Roles of Gentry

Answer 8

Administered laws in smaller areas and were support for the King
Aimed for their sons to have legal and administrative training to go on and become Lords/nobles

Question 9

Commoners in Henry’s rule

Answer 9

Working class labourers
little chance of secure employment and owned very little

Question 10

Role of Commoners in Henry’s reign

Answer 10

Working force
Government were scared of commoners because they had the motivations to revolt
Did not like the Amicable Grant (raised taxes) which almost caused a rebellion

Question 11

Why did Henry create a different atmosphere among the nobles to his father

Answer 11

He believed in chivalry
warrior king
needed their support because his rule was much less peaceful than Henrys

Question 12

Why did Henry reward loyalty

Answer 12

Support
encourages more to be loyal

Question 13

Why did Henry ensure control in provincial areas

Answer 13

So Henry could have a unified England and further expand his influence

Question 14

Why did Henry try and show generosity

Answer 14

to win the support of the people and prevent them from looking for another ruler

Question 15

Why did Henry need the support from the nobility in going to war

Answer 15

Because without their approval of war they could revolt or rebel is the war failed or they lost
Pope called for a crusade and Henry needs their support and armies to win a war

Question 16

Control of Wales in Henry’s rule

Answer 16

Separate territory from England at the time but was governed by Lordships and under English rules (ruling dynasty had Welsh origins)

Question 17

What changed the laws in Wales?

Answer 17

1535 and 1542
Laws in Wales act
Earls now administrated Wales
Most of its culture was destroyed apart from the language

Question 18

English Palatinates

Answer 18

Countries that had separate jurisdictions from the rest of the country
Lancashire, Durham and Cheshire
L and C had fallen back into royal control ages ago but Durham remained separate

Question 19

What changed the situation in Durham

Answer 19

1536
Act of Resuming Liberties

Question 20

What council governed Wales

Answer 20

Council of Wales and Marches
Wales and the 4 bordering counties
seen as a benefit to live in because it had cheap, easy and local access to the law

Question 21

Scottish boarder

Answer 21

Very hard to govern
lawless
cold/hostile conditions
split to 3 marches and governed under a warden of lower birth or an outsider to the nation, as Henry believed a noble would abuse their power

Question 22

What was the first rebellion (ish) in Henry’s rule

Answer 22

The Amicable Grant
(did not develop into a full scale rebellion)

Question 23

When was the Amicable Grant rebellion

Answer 23

1525

Question 24

Who rebelled in the AG

Answer 24

Commoners/peasants
particularly the unemployed because they couldn’t pay the taxes at all

Question 25

Where did the AG happen

Answer 25

North Essex/south Suffolk
1000 amassed in at the boarder with a further 4000 resisting the taxation

Question 26

Suppression of the AG

Answer 26

Henry instructed the Dukes of Norfolk and Suffolk to deal with the rebels
Brought an army to fight but doubted the idea they would fight their own which the Dukes told Wolsey who then begged the King to pardon those who rebelled

Question 27

What did the AG rebellion signify

Answer 27

Henry could not operate in defiance of the taxpaying classes because they would rebel

Question 28

Aftermath of the AG

Answer 28

leaders were treated leniently
Henry made out that it was not his doing and blamed the passing of the Grant on Wolsey
The grant was no longer collected

Question 29

Reasons for the Lincolnshire rebellion

Answer 29

Duke of Suffolk is put in place as great magnate of Lincolnshire which sparked the rebellion

Question 30

Who was Robert Aske

Answer 30

leader of the pilgrimage of Grace

Question 31

Reasons for the pilgrimage of grace (6)

Answer 31

Monasteries
fear for parish churches
Suffolk in Lincolnshire
Tenant’s grievances
court conspiracy
Resentment to taxation

Question 32

PG and Monasteries

Answer 32

Robert Aske supported monasteries and many mourned the loss of the charity and education from them
The fear that the North would become less powerful/impoverished by the fall of monastic lands into the hands of southerners

Question 33

PG and Parish churches

Answer 33

People were scared that many traditional catholic practices would be lost
royal injunctions
pilgrimages
Many parishes were amalgamated

Question 34

PG and Tenants

Answer 34

one of the reasons for the mass of support and strength of the rebellion was due to tenant’s grievances

Question 35

PG and court conspiracy

Answer 35

the theory that a conspiracy was created by the supporters of Catherine of Aragon who capitalised on northern discontent

Question 36

PG and Taxes

Answer 36

resentment of taxation and other economic grievances were all expressed in the revolt

Question 37

Lincolnshire rebellion

Answer 37

1536

Question 38

Pilgrimage of Grace

Answer 38

1536

Question 39

renewal of pilgrimage

Answer 39

1537

Question 40

how was the Lincolnshire revolt supressed

Answer 40

collapsed quickly after Suffolk arrived with his forces

Question 41

Where did the pilgrimage capture

Answer 41

occupied Hull, York and Pontefract castle

Question 42

How was the pilgrimage originally stopped

Answer 42

Norfolk arrived with forces but was outnumbered so he tried talks instead which resulted in the Pontefract articles and the overall promise that the King would restore monasteries

Question 43

What stopped with second pilgrimage uprising

Answer 43

Rebellion renewed in 1537 where Norfolk met their forces with violence and the martial law; 74 rebels were hanged and others taken for a trail and then executed

Question 44

Impact of the Pilgrimage of Grace

Answer 44

Did not stop the religious progression of England but it did scare Henry, he had ignored warnings of an increased resentment in the area and was lucky Norfolk was successful

Question 45

Pontefract articles

Answer 45

set of rebel demands given to Norfolk
grievances were chaotic and ranged from minor to major and general to specific places
there was anger at Cromwell and his circle
Range of issues ranging from those of ordinary people to clergy
ALSO wanted parliament to be held in York which implies that they also had regional grievances

Question 46

How did English society change and with what effects?

Answer 46

due to the reformation, there was a lot of fear surrounding the future of parish churches and other religious issues
increased enclosure- unpopular and led to revolts
most threatening Tudor revolt took place