Cultural competence and safety

Question 1

Define culture

Answer 1

conscious and unconscious actions + outcome of principles, ideology and geographical situation + never static + religion, age, impairments, socioeconomic status, gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation, & race.

Question 2

Define cultural competence

Answer 2

Seeing beyond one’s cultural boundaries + being objective + understanding behaviour and intentions of other cultures without bias + interacting effectively + competence always developing

Question 3

What are the three components to cultural competence?

Answer 3

[1] SELF = understanding your culture & attitudes toward other cultures
[2] OTHERS = being sensitive and knowledgeable of other cultures’ practices
[3] ability to use cross-cultural skills

Question 4

What does the pharmacy council expect in regards to cultural competence?

Answer 4

PCNZ: expects professionals recognise own cultural identity + that competence optimises health outcomes + consider the Treaty of Waitangi + understand that NZ’s culturally diverse population impacts healthcare access/delivery + services should be in place to ensure equitable health outcomes

Question 5

What is cultural safety?

Answer 5

Professionals influencing healthcare to reduce bias and achieve equity; focuses on patient experience; equitable health outcomes for Māori & engages patients and ensures autonomy.

Question 6

What are the components to the cultural safety model?

Answer 6

[1] Cultural awareness: acknowledging difference between cultures
[2] Cultural sensitivity: respect differences + make choices to benefit other cultures.
[3] Cultural competence: consistent behaviors and attitudes for cross-cultural situations

Cultural safety: outcome = service users feel safe

Question 7

What are the two communication framworks for cultural competence?

Answer 7

ETHNIC model and LEARN model

Question 8

What is the ETHNIC model?

Answer 8

explanation: how do you explain your illness?;
treatment: what treatment have you tried?;
healers: have you sought any advice from any other types of healers?;
negotiate: mutually acceptable options;
intervention: agree on;
collaboration: with patient, family, and healer)

Question 9

What is the LEARN model?

Answer 9

listen to the patient’s perspective;
explain and share your own perspective;
acknowledge differences & similarities between these two perspectives;
recommend a treatment plan;
negotiate a mutually agreed-on treatment plan