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other terms Flashcards

1
Q

Rhetors

A

Teachers of rhetoric (study and uses of language)

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2
Q

Cult of Saints

A

veneration of saints as holy and powerful intercessors with God in Christian tradition

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3
Q

Relics

A

Physical remains or objects associated with a holy figure or event, considered to have spiritual power or significance

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4
Q

Pilgrimage

A

Journey made by an individual or group to a sacred place or shine, usually for religious reason

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5
Q

imago dei

A

‘image of God,’ the idea that humans are created in the likeness of God

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6
Q

Apocryphal Acts

A

non-canonical accounts of the deeds and teachings of Christian apostles and other early figures

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7
Q

Acts of Paul & Thecla

A

Apocryphal acts that detail the Apostle Paul and his devout student Thecla

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8
Q

Carthage

A

Powerful city-state in North Africa that rose in 5th cen BC, later a major center for Christianity and key player in the conflicts between Vandals, Byzantines, and Arab conquerors

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9
Q

Manichaeism

A

dualistic religion with origins in Persia, combines elements of Christianity, Gnosticism, and Zoroastrianism

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10
Q

Donatism

A

schismatic movement that emerged in North Africa, rigid insistence on purity of the church and exclusion of those who lapsed in faith during religious persecution (like Diocletian persecution)

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11
Q

Pelagian Controversy

A

theological debate between pelagius and augustine over the nature of sin, free will, and grace

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12
Q

Visigoths

A

Germanic peoples who established a kingdom in Iberia after the fall of the Western Roman Empire

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13
Q

Vandals

A

Germanic peoples who established a kingdom in North Africa, known for sacking Rome in 455 and Nicene Christian persecution

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14
Q

Huns

A

Nomadic peoples from Central Asia, created powerful empire under the leadership of Attila

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15
Q

Ostrogoths

A

Germanic peoples who established a kingdom in Italy after the fall of the West Roman Empire, after they helped in the fall of the Empire

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16
Q

magister militum

A

master of soldiers, highest military office

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17
Q

Theodosian Code

A

Roman laws created in 438 that served as a primary legal authority in the Eastern Roman Empire

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18
Q

Theotokos

A

“Mother of God,” referring to the Virgin Mary

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19
Q

Council of Ephesus

A

affirmed the orthodox doctrine of the Incarnation, declared Mary as theotokos, and condemned Nestorianism

20
Q

Miaphysite

A

doctrine that emphasizes the unity between Jesus Christ’s divinity and humanity

21
Q

Council of Chalcedon

A

declared that Jesus Christ had two distinct natures, one divine and one human

22
Q

Anglo-Saxons

A

Germanic poeple who migrated to England in 5th-6th centuries, basis for English civilization

23
Q

Franks

A

confederation of Germanic tribes who emerged as a dominant force in Western Europe, eventually founded Frankish Empire

24
Q

Nika Revolt

A

deadly riot in Constantinople during 532, sparked by chariot race rivalry and fueled by social and political reasons (greens vs blues)

25
Q

Corpus Iuris Civilis

A

“Justinian Law Code,” collection of Roman laws compiled under the direction of Justinian I

26
Q

Lombards

A

Germanic peoples who migrated to and established a kingdom in Italy following the Ostrogothic kingdom

27
Q

Salic law

A

code of laws that served as the basis for legal system of the Franks and other Germanic tribes, dealing with issues like inheritance, criminal law, and property rights

28
Q

wergeld

A

monetary compensation or payment used in Germanic societies as a means for resolving conflict

29
Q

trivium

A

lower division of the several liberal arts. grammar, logic, and rhetoric

30
Q

quadrivium

A

upper division of liberal arts. arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, music

31
Q

vivarium

A

monastery founded by Cassiodorus in Southern Italy focused on preserving and studying classical literature

32
Q

exarch

A

governor or viceroy of large territorial jurisdiction in Byzantine Empire, direct representative of the Emperor

33
Q

Slavs & Avars

A

ethnic groups (slavs were eastern european, avars were central asian) that challenged the Byzantine Empire’s control over the Balkans and contributed to the emergence of new policies in the region

34
Q

Ctesiphon

A

Ancient city located on the east bank of Tigris River, was a capital of Parthian and Sassanian Empires

35
Q

Zoroastrianism

A

Ancient Persian religion, monotheistic with the belief of good and evil, the worship of one God, and individual choice between right and wrong

36
Q

Mecca

A

the holiest city in Islam and the birthplace of the prophet Muhammad

37
Q

Medina

A

second holiest city in Islam, site of the first Islamic community established by the prophet Muhammad in 622

38
Q

kaaba

A

cube-shaped building, house of God, center of the Grand Mosque in Mecca, focal point of worship

39
Q

Hijra

A

migration of the prophet Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Medina in 622

40
Q

caliph

A

successor to the prophet Muhammad as political and religious leader of the Muslim community

41
Q

Battle of Yarmuk

A

636 battle fought between Arab Muslim forces and Byzantine Empire, resulting in Muslim victory and opening the way for the Muslim conquest of Syria

42
Q

Rashidun Caliphate

A

first Islamic caliphate, ruled by the first four caliphs who succeeded the prophet Muhammad, characterized by significant expansion and consolidation of Muslim territories

43
Q

Umayyad Caliphate

A

second Islamic caliphate established after the death of the prophet Muhammad and was ruled by the Umayyad dynasty

44
Q

Dhimmi

A

non-Muslims living under Islamic rule who are granted legal protection in exchange for paying special taxes and accepting certain restrictions on their religious practices

45
Q

Saracens

A

term commonly used in Medieval Europe to refer to Muslims of Arab and Berber origins

pagans final (3 decks)

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