Physical Activity and Physical Fitness Assessment

Question 1

physical activity definition

Answer 1

as any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that results in energy expenditure.

Question 2

exercise definition

Answer 2

Exercise is a subcategory of physical activity. Exercise is physical activity that is planned, structured, repetitive, and purposive in the sense that improvement or maintenance of one or more components of physical fitness is an objective

Question 3

sedentary behaviour definition

Answer 3

any waking behaviour characterized by an energy expenditure ≤1.5 metabolic equivalents (METs), while in a sitting, reclining or lying posture

Question 4

One MET definition

Answer 4

as 1 kcal/kg/hour and is roughly equivalent to the energy cost of sitting quietly.

Question 5

dangers of prolonged sitting

Answer 5

20% drop in good cholesterol
blood flow decrease
blood sugar rises
metabolism slows by 25-50%

Question 6

examples of subjective self reports of physical activity

Answer 6

modifiable activity questionnaire
previous week modifiable activity
recent physical activity questionnaire
previous day physical activity recall
7-day physical activity recall
GP Physical activity questionnaire

Question 7

examples of objective reports of physical activity

Answer 7

Direct observation
Pedometer: step count only
Heart rate monitor
Accelerometer: provide information on intensity of activity

Question 8

benefits of self/report subjective assessment of physical activity

Answer 8

Cheap
Quick
Target large groups
People tend to over-estimate their physical activity.
Depending on level of cognition/literacy may find it difficult to fully answer questionnaire.

Question 9

benefits of objective assessment of physical activity

Answer 9

More accurate
Expensive
Analysis can be time consuming
Compliance with wearing device: comfort/forgetfulness

Question 10

muscular strength and endurance exercise improve what factors

Answer 10

bone mass - osteoporosis
glucose tolerance - diabetic or pre-diabetic
musculo-tendinous integrity
ability to carry out ADL - QoL
Fat free mass and resting metabolic rate - weight mx

Question 11

1RM

Answer 11

the max weight a person can lift for a single repetition for a given exercise.
Determine 1RM within four trials with rest periods 3-5 min between trials
select initial weight within subjects perceived capacity 50-70%
resistance progress 5-10% UL or 10-20% for LL

Question 12

how do you calculate a patients 1RM if patient can complete 10 reps of 5kg for shoulder press

Answer 12

65% - 25 reps
70% - 22 reps
75% - 16 reps
80% - 11 reps
85% - 7 reps
90% - 4 reps
95% - 2 reps

5 x (100/80) = 6.25kg
1RM = 6.25

Question 13

examples of anthropometric measurements

Answer 13

BMI
waist-hip circumference
circumference - abdomen, arm, buttock, hips, calf, forearm, hips/thigh, mid-thigh, waist
hydrodensitrometry
DXA scan
bioimpedance analysis - based on electrical conductive properties of body, measure body composition

Question 14

VO2 max

Answer 14

the maximum amount of oxygen the body can utilize during exercise
the higher VO2 MAX is the healthier
implies an individuals true physiological limit has been reached and a plateau is made
3 women = heart risk
66 women = elite

Question 15

how is VO2 max calculated

Answer 15

CO x (a-v O2 difference) [cardiac output X the amount ofO2 taken up from the blood by the tissues]

Question 16

when is a Peak VO2

Answer 16

used when leveling off O2consumption does not occur, or maximum performance appears limited by local muscular factors rather than central circulatory dynamics

Question 17

what is used to measure a VO2max

Answer 17

Open circuit spirometry
Used in a graded incremental or ramp exercise test to exhaustion

Question 18

describe design of open circuit spirometry

Answer 18

the subject breathes through a low-resistance valve with his or her nose occluded (or through mask) while pulmonary ventilation and expired O2 and CO2 are measured
use of open circuit spirometry is used during maximal exercise to assess ventilatory threshold

Question 19

ventilatory anerobic threshold -VAT

Answer 19

the point where pulmonary ventilation increases disproportionately relative to increases in oxygen consumption during a graded exercise test

Question 20

Respiratory exchange ratio

Answer 20

the ratio between the volume of CO2being produced by the body and the amount of O2being consumed.

Question 21

respiratory exchange ratio calculation

Answer 21

VCO2÷ VO2

Question 22

average respiratory exchange ratio at rest

Answer 22

0.8

Question 23

what does respiratory exchange ratio of 0.7 indicate

Answer 23

that fats are being used as the body’s main fuel source while 1 means mostly carbohydrates are being used.

Question 24

benefit of CPET

Answer 24

good objective measure of a patient’s preoperative fitness, which in turn is a strong predictor of postoperative outcome.
well documented in surgical interventions

Question 25

what is assessed and screened before a CPET

Answer 25

informed consent
patients questions
exercise participation health screening
pre-exercise evaluation - medical hx and CVD risk factor Ax
self guided questionnaire e.g. PAR-Q+

Question 26

What medication recommendation is given to patients using the CPET for diagnostic purposes

Answer 26

discontinue prescribed CVS medication only with physician approval
anti-anginal agens alter hemodynamic response to exercise and reduce sensitivity of ECG changes for ischemia
intermediate/high dose beta blocking agents taper meds over 2-4 day period minimise hyperadrenergic withdrawal

Question 27

What medication recommendation is given to patients using the CPET for exercise prescription purposes

Answer 27

continue medication regimen as usual

Question 28

non invasive measurements in CPET

Answer 28

Heart rate
Blood pressure
12 Lead ECG
Subjective ratings (RPE) / Chest Pain / Fatigue
Ventilatory expired gas analysis responses

Question 29

invasive measurements in CPET

Answer 29

Arterial Blood gases – not always taken, may useradial artery catheter for continuous monitoring, take separately Pre/Post test
Lactate monitoring

Question 30

how drastic of a drop in systolic and rise blood pressure to terminate the CPET

Answer 30

greater than or equal to 10 mmHg
greater > 250 mm Hg and or diastolic pressure > 115

Question 31

what BP rise during exercise would indicate a predictive future of resting hypertension

Answer 31

peak SBP > 20 mm Hg or increased in SBP > 140 mm above pre-test resting value

Question 32

what abnormal level of HR indicate increased risk for IHD

Answer 32

fails to decrease by at least 12 beats during first minute or 22 beats by end of second minute of active post exercise recovery

Question 33

maximal test

Answer 33

require participants to exercise to the point of volitional fatigue, which may be inappropriate for some individuals and may require the need for emergency equipment

Question 34

submaximal test

Answer 34

aim of submaximal exercise testing is to determine the HR response to one or more submaximal work rates and use the results to predict VO2max . Although the primary purpose of the test has traditionally been to predict VO2max from the HR workload relationship, it is important to obtain additional indices of the client’s response to exercise.

Question 35

example of submaximal test

Answer 35

chester step test