Nucleic Acids Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the first step in the replication of DNA?

A

The DNA strands unwind and seperate

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2
Q

What does DNA helicase do?

A

It breaks down the hydrogen bonds between complementary bases.

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3
Q

What enzyme breaks down hydrogen bonds between complementary bases?

A

DNA Helicase

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4
Q

What enzyme is used when each strand of DNA makes a new partner by adding the appropriate nucleotides?

A

DNA Polymerase

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5
Q

What is the function of DNA Polymerase?

A

It is used when each strand of DNA makes a new partner by adding the appropriate nucleotides?

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6
Q

What is the process of DNA replication called?

A

Semi Conservative Replication

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7
Q

Where does mRNA function?

A

In the nucleus, migrates to ribosomes in the cytoplasm

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8
Q

Where does tRNA function?

A

Cytoplasm

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9
Q

Where does rRNA function?

A

Cytoplasm

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10
Q

What is the function of mRNA?

A

To carry the DNA sequence information to ribosomes.

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11
Q

What is the function of tRNA?

A

Provides linkage between mRNA and amino acids; transfers amino acids to ribosomes.

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12
Q

What is rRNA?

A

A structural component of ribosomes.

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13
Q

What 3 stages does protein synthesis consist of?

A

1.Transcription
2. Activation
3. Translation

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14
Q

What happens during transcription?

A

DNA is copied into a complementary strand of mRNA.

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15
Q

How many subunits does a ribosome consist of?

A

2 (small and large)

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16
Q

What subunit of the ribosome is the mRNA molecule attached to?

A

The small subunit.

17
Q

What 2 sites does the large subunit have?

A

Peptide site and amino acid site

18
Q

What are exons?

A

Regions of DNA that code for proteins

19
Q

What are introns?

A

Regions of non coding DNA between exons

20
Q

What is RNA Splicing?

A

When introns must be cut out of the mRNA before the mRNA leaves the nucleus