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SOES2003 > Geology of commodities > Flashcards

Geology of commodities Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of a resource?

A

A substance that is naturally obtained from the earth

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2
Q

What are some examples of resources?

A

Uranium, Gold, Aluminium, Chromium and Zinc

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3
Q

What does every resource have?

A

An average crustral abundance and concentration factor

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4
Q

What has the highest average crustal abundance?

A

Aluminium (8%)

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5
Q

What has the lowest average crustal abundance?

A

Uranium (0.00016%)

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6
Q

What are the three types of copper deposit formed by plate tectonics?

A

Porphyr copper
Sedimentary copper
Volcagenic massive sulphides

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7
Q

What does the movement of plate tectonics form?

A

Ore forming environments for mineral deposits

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8
Q

What is copper used in?

A

Power generation
Building construction
Cars
Electric/hybrid cars

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9
Q

Where does copper form?

A

Convergent plate margins e.g. pacific ring of fire

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10
Q

What countries have the largest reserves of copper?

A

Chile
Australia
Peru
Russia

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11
Q

What is the definition of porphyr copper?

A

Copper ore associated with hydrothermal fluids rising from mamgma chamber

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12
Q

What is the common and important type of deposit?

A

Porphyr (50% of copper production)

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13
Q

What method of mining is used for porphyry copper deposists?

A

Open pit mining

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14
Q

How does a porphryr ore form?

A

Oxidised melts transport volatiles to the upper crustal magma chamber
Fractional crystallisation
Volatile exsolution

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15
Q

What % of copper comes from stratiform sedimentary copper deposits?

A

25%

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16
Q

How does copper form at volcagenic massive sulfide ore deposits?

A

Hydrothermal alteration in submarine envrionments
Forming copper sulphide

17
Q

What is the structure of a porphyry copper deposit?

A

Low pyrite outer zone with a high pyrite intermediate zone inside, low total sulfide innermost zone with ores either side it

18
Q

What are the 3 stages of crackle brecciation?

A

Vapour pressure building up in and around the upper portion of magmatic fraction
Retrograde boiling occurs causing expansion
Distribution of resulting brecciation

19
Q

Simply, why does copper deposit form?

A

Moving copper from large volume of magma into a smaller volumed of veined rock

SOES2003 (21 decks)

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