Digestion Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two types of proteases?

A

Endopeptidase, Exopeptidase

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2
Q

Where to endopeptidases cut?

A

In the middle of the polypeptide

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3
Q

Where do exopeptidases cut?

A

At the terminal ends

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4
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

Rhythmic contractions of the gut

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5
Q

What are the ridges in the stomach called?

A

Rugae

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6
Q

What is the function of rugae?

A

Help with the mechanical breakdown of food

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7
Q

Where is the cardiac sphincter found?

A

At the top of the stomach

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8
Q

Where is the pyloric sphincter found?

A

At the bottom of the sphincter

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9
Q

What do goblect cells do?

A

Secrete mucus to protect the stomach walls from enzymes and acid

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10
Q

What released HCl?

A

The oxyntic cells

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11
Q

What does HCl do?

A

Kills most bacteria
Provided the optimum pH for enzymes
Activates pepsinogen

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12
Q

What is the function of rennin?

A

Curdles milk

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13
Q

What is the pH of the stomach?

A

1-2

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14
Q

Where is pepsin found?

A

In the gastric juice

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15
Q

Is pepsin an endo or exo peptidase?

A

An endopeptidase

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16
Q

What releases pepsin as inactive pepsinogen?

A

The chief cells

17
Q

What organ produces bile?

A

The liver

18
Q

Where is bile stored?

A

In the gallbladder

19
Q

What are the two functions of bile?

A

Emulsifies lipids into small droplets
Aids in neutralising stomach acid

20
Q

What do the exocrine glands in the pancreas secrete?

A

Pancreatic juice

21
Q

What does pancreatic juice contain?

A

Endopeptidases, exopeptidases, amylase, lipase

22
Q

Where are Brunner’s Glands found?

A

In the sub mucosa of the duodenum

23
Q

What do Brunner’s Glands secrete?

A

Mucus, Alkaline juice

24
Q

What is the inactive form of trypsin?

A

Trypsinogen

25
Q

What type of enzyme is trypsin?

A

An endopeptidase

26
Q

What secretes trypsin?

A

The pancreas

27
Q

What activates trypsinogen into trypsin?

A

Enterokinase

28
Q

Where are microvilli found?

A

On the surface of the villi

29
Q

Where are glucose and amino acids absorbed?

A

Across the epithelium of the villi

30
Q

Where do fatty acids and glycerol diffuse?

A

Through the epithelium cell and enter the lacteal

31
Q

Where is a lacteal found?

A

In the centre of the villus

32
Q

What is the function of the muscularis mucosa?

A

Lets the villi move

33
Q

Where is the muscularis mucosa found?

A

Under the mucosa

34
Q

What does the colon absorb?

A

Water