Local, Regional, and Spinal Anesthesia in Ruminants

Question 1

The globe, conjunctiva, nictitating membrane, and most of the eyelids are supplied by the

Answer 1

ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve.

Question 2

The extraocular muscles of the eye are innervated by the

Answer 2

trochlear nerve, the abducens nerve, and the oculomotor nerve.

Question 3

The eyelids are innervated by the

Answer 3

auriculopalpebral n.

Question 4

this block may be used for the repair of nasal lacerations and the placement of a nose ring for cattle

Answer 4

infraorbital nerve block

Question 5

The infraorbital nerve is the continuation of the maxillary branch of the __ cranial nerve after it enters the infraorbital canal. this is covered by __ muscle

Answer 5

5th
levator nasolabialis muscle

Question 6

how many mL can be deposited in the levator nasolabialis muscle. what needle G?

Answer 6

20-30
18G

Question 7

Anesthesia of the eye and orbit and immobilization of the globe that is necessary for such procedures as enucleation may be accomplished by performing a

Answer 7

retrobulbar block or Peterson block.

Question 8

retrobulbar block causes

Answer 8

analgesia of the cornea, mydriasis, and prop- tosis.

Question 9

Some possible adverse effects of retrobulbar injections include penetration of the globe, orbital hemorrhage, damage to the optic nerve, dysrhythmias caused by initia- tion of the ___ reflex, and injection into the optic nerve meninges.2

Answer 9

oculocardiac

Question 10

done to anesthetize eyelid

Answer 10

auriculopalpebral block

Question 11

The Peterson eye block desensitizes what nerves

Answer 11

(oculomotor, trochlear, abducent, and trigeminal)

Question 12

The proximal paravertebral nerve block desensitizes the dorsal and ventral nerve roots of the __ and ___ as they emerge from the intervertebral foramina.

Answer 12

last thoracic (T13)
first and second lumbar (L1 and L2) spinal nerves

Question 13

The distal paravertebral nerve block desensitizes the dorsal and ventral rami of the spinal nerves ,,_at the distal ends of the transverse processes of __,___,__

Answer 13

T13, L1, and L2
L1, L2, and L4,

Question 14

proximal paravertebral uses more dosage than distal

Answer 14

baliktad

Question 15

inverted L block is advantageous for obese animals

Answer 15

false

Question 16

how much can be deposited using inverted l block

Answer 16

100mL

Question 17

A high caudal epidural at the sacrococcygeal space (__) desensitizes sacral nerves __to __

Answer 17

S5–Co1
S2, S3, S4, and S5.

Question 18

The low caudal epidural at first coccygeal space (___) desensitizes sacral nerves ___ to __

Answer 18

Co1–Co2
S3, S4, and S5;

Question 19

dose for caudal epidural

Answer 19

0.5 ml per 45 kg of BW in cattle

1 ml/50kg to 1ml/15kg in small ruminants

Question 20

Sheep with severely docked tails can be difficult to achieve a caudal epidural. Thus, a __ epidural may be the only option in these animals

Answer 20

lumbosacral

Question 21

more beneficial block for tail docking

Answer 21

ring block

Question 22

used in cattle with chronic rectal and vaginal prolapse that experience continuous straining after the initial epidural.

Answer 22

continuous caudal epidural

Question 23

is a relatively easy and commonly used technique in sedated pigs for cesarean section, repair of hernias (umbilical, inguinal), prolapses (rectal, vaginal, uterine), and surgery of the rear limbs, penis, and prepuce. I

Answer 23

lumbosacaral epidural

Question 24

is used to relieve rectal tenesmus associated with rectal prolapse without affecting the sciatic nerve and the animal’s ability to stand or tail func- tion. T

Answer 24

Sacral paravertebral anesthesia

Question 25

The sacral paravertebral nerve block is used to provide analgesia to what nerves

Answer 25

the pudendal nerve (pudic nerve), medial hemorrhoidal nerve (pelvic splanchnic nerve), and caudal hemorrhoidal nerve (caudal rectal nerve

Question 26

This block provides analgesia to the anus, vulva, and vagina

Answer 26

sacral paravertebral nerve block

Question 27

anesthesia to facilitate relaxation of the bull’s penis without causing locomotor impairment.

Answer 27

Internal Pudendal Nerve Block

Question 28

The procedure for bilateral internal pudendal (pudic) nerve block was first described by who

Answer 28

Larson

Question 29

In the standing female, the __ nerve block can be used to relieve straining caused by chronic vaginal prolapse.

Answer 29

internal pudendal

Question 30

is used primarily for specific lesions of the teat, such as a teat laceration or wart.

Answer 30

inverted V block

Question 31

is a commonly used procedure for teat surgeries.

Answer 31

ring blcok

Question 32

In many cases, intravenous regional anesthesia (___) is the preferred tech- nique for surgery of the foot.

Answer 32

Bier block

Question 33

some have found the Bier block easier in small ruminants when the tourniquet was placed either above the __ in the forelimb or below the __ in the hind limb.

Answer 33

some have found the Bier block easier in small ruminants when the tourniquet was placed either above the elbow in the forelimb or below the tarsus in the hind limb.

Question 34

block for severe cellulitis

Answer 34

simple ring block or 4-point nerve block