Cell structure recap Flashcards
differences between a eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell
Eukaryotes have dna in its nucleus and prokaryotes have free floating dna. Eukaryotes have a cell membrane while prokaryotes have a cell wall. Prokaryotes have a plasmid. Eukaryotes have membrane bound organelles.
Function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum
Site of protein synthesis (translation)
What is chromatin
DNA tightly coiled around histone proteins which fold to make chromosomes
Function of the nucleus
Contains the genetic code for the whole cell and is the site for dna replication and transcription.
Function of the SER
Synthesis and storage of lipids and carbohydrates
Function of the RER
Protein synthesis
Function of the Golgi
Add carbohydrates and lipids to proteins; transport, modify and store lipids; label and form lysosmes (vesicles);
Function of lysosomes
Contains lysozymes and hydrolytic enzymes which are used for autolysis and destroy phagocytes. Also undergoes autolysis. Exocytosis.
Function of the mitochondria
ATP production, aerobic respiration.
What size ribosomes are in eukaryotes
80s
What size ribosomes are in prokaryotes
70s
What is the structure of ribosomes
2 protein subunits with ribosomal rna
Structure of mitochondria
Double membrane with intermembrane space between the inner membrane and outer. The inner folds to make the Cristae. It had a matrix which is a fluid inside the inner membrane containing circular mitochondrial DNA
Structure of the Golgi
Folded membrane called cisternae and has Golgi vesicles
Structure of the nucleus
Has a double membrane, nuclear envelope has nuclear pores in it. Inside the nucleus is chromatin with a nucleolus in the centre surrounded by nucleoplasm fluid.
