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5th yr- finals- extra > Salivary gland disease > Flashcards

Salivary gland disease Flashcards

1
Q

List the major salivary glands

A

Parotid
Submandibular
sublingual

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2
Q

Where are minor salivary glands found

A

Palate
lips

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3
Q

Which nerves are close to the parotid gland

A

Facial nerve

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4
Q

What can block major salivary glands

A

Stones
Strictures

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5
Q

What can major salivary gland pathology lead to

A

Dry mouth only if multiple major glands affected

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6
Q

What can cause dry mouth

A
  1. Drugs
  2. Radiotherapy
  3. Sjogrens disease
  4. Anxiety
  5. Dehydration
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7
Q

What can lumps in the salivary gland be due to

A
  1. Blocked glands
  2. Sialosis
  3. Salivary gland timour
  4. Lymph nodes
  5. Stones/ tumours
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8
Q

What can cause lymph node swelling

A
  1. infection
  2. Metastatic cancer
  3. Lymphoma
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9
Q

Which gland is most commonly blocked

A

Submandibular glands

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10
Q

Why do salivary gland blockages cause pain

A

As saliva can’t escape which can increase pressure causing swelling and pain

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11
Q

How can we manage salivary gland stones

A
  1. Papillotomy
  2. Basket retrieval (specialist)
  3. Duct dilation
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12
Q

How can we identify where salivary ducts are in the head and neck

A

Sialogrpahy

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13
Q

What can cause a patient to get an acute infection in the salivary glands

A
  1. Elderly
  2. Dehydration
  3. Acutely unwell
  4. High temp
  5. Raised white blood cell count
  6. Swelling over gland
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14
Q

How do we treat salivary gland acute infections

A
  1. Rehydration
  2. Analgesia
  3. Antibiotics
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15
Q

Give some examples of how chronic infections present in salivary glands

A
  1. Recurrent infection
  2. Pain
  3. May have little to no symtpoms for month
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16
Q

How do we manage chronic infections

A
  1. Supportive managmetn
  2. Antibiotics if necessary
  3. Surgery
17
Q

Why can surgery be difficult when treating chronic infection

A

Due to scarring of the salivary glands

18
Q

What can cause dry mouth

A
  1. Drugs
  2. Radiotherapy
  3. Chronic infection
  4. Sjogrens
  5. Anxiety
19
Q

What are the effects of dry mouth on the oral mucosa

A

Increased risk of
1. Caries
2. Periodontal disease
3. Mucosa ulcerations

20
Q

What is sialosis

A

Painless swelling of the glands

21
Q

Which gland is most commonly affected ny sialosis

A

Parotids

22
Q

What can increase risk of sialosis

A

Diabetes
Alcohol
Drugs

23
Q

How do we treat sialosis

A

Usually resolves in their own

24
Q

Name the different types of salivary gland cysts

A

Mucus retention cyst
Mucus extravasation cyst

25
Q

What is a mucus retention cyst

A

Blockage of saliva within the gland or duct
Most common affects minor glands

26
Q

What is a mucus extravasaiotn cyst

A

Escape of salvia from traumatised glands or ducts
Most common affects Minor and sublingual glands

27
Q

Give an example of a mucus cyst that is common

A

Ranula found at the floor of the mouth

28
Q

What is a plunging ranula

A

A ranula int eh floor of the mouth that extends to through the mylohyoid muscle leading to neck swellings

29
Q

Where are lip mucoceoeles found

A

NEVER IN THE UPPER LIP (more commonly salivary gland tumours)

30
Q

How can we manage mucoceles

A
  1. Can leave and let it heal
  2. Cyotherapy
  3. Excision
31
Q

How do we manage minor salivary gland tumours

A

Wide local excision
Heminimaxillectomy

32
Q

What are some complications that can arise follow salivary gland surgery

A

Skin numbness
Facial nerve weaknessH
Scar
Sialocoele
Frey’s syndrome

33
Q

What are some complications that can arise follow salivary gland surgery

A

Skin numbness
Facial nerve weaknessH
Scar
Sialocoele
Frey’s syndromeW

34
Q

What is Freys syndrome

A

Sweating of a patch of skin over the salivary gland at meal times or when thinking of food

35
Q

What are seen common causes xerstomia

A
  1. Drug induced
  2. Sjogrens
  3. Behcets
  4. trauma to salivary glands
  5. Dehydration
  6. mouth breathing
36
Q

What tests might we carry out for patients with sjogrens syndrome

A
  1. Salivaryflow rate
  2. Culture for candidial count
  3. Stiumuated parotid flow
  4. Full blood test
  5. Autoantibody screening
  6. Glucose test
  7. Salivary glans sialogrpahy or ultrasonography
  8. eye tests
37
Q

How can we manage dry mouth

A
  1. Treat any candidiasis
  2. Help preserve salivary secretion by sipping on water
  3. Avoid drugs that cause dry mouth
  4. Sugar free chewing gum
  5. Avoid sweets or coarse of citrus fruit
  6. Prescribe high floruide tooth paste 5000ppm
  7. Dietary analysis
  8. treat caries
  9. Consider salivary substitutes
  10. Watch out for salivary gland swellings

5th yr- finals- extra (12 decks)

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