mendelian genetics

Question 1

what is not a useful criteria for model organisms

Answer 1

long life cycle

Question 2

approximately what percentage of human disease are also found in fruit flies

Answer 2

75%

Question 3

autosomal dominant inheritance

Answer 3

an affected individual will have at least 1 affected parent and disease occurs every generation
-autosomal - affected progeny can be male or female

Question 4

autosomal recessive inheritance

Answer 4

child inherits one copy of a mutated gene from each parent and disease skips generations
autosomal - affected progeny can be male or female
-affected - homozygous recessive

Question 5

what symbol represents affected male

Answer 5

black square

Question 6

during production of female gametes in the pistil of plants, how many haploid nuclei do megaspores contain

Answer 6

4

Question 7

during production of male gametes in the stamen of plants, how many haploid nuclei does a pollen grain contain

Answer 7

2

Question 8

mitochondrial DNA codes for how many polypeptides

Answer 8

13

Question 9

pleiotropic allele

Answer 9

A single allele can influence more than one phenotype

Question 10

describe mendel’s law of segregation

Answer 10

organisms characteristics are controlled by genes normally in pairs but are single in gametes
-during meiosis - 2 chromosomes are separated to form haploid gametes with 1 allele each

Question 11

describe mendel’s law of independent assortment

Answer 11

genes for different traits assort independently to form gametes
-shown by dihybrid cross test results - 9:3:3:1 so need genes with 2 alleles

Question 12

deviations from mendelian inheritance - what is non-independent assortment

Answer 12

linkage (genes on same chromosome)

Question 13

deviations from mendelian inheritance - what is non-mendelian segregation of phenotypes

Answer 13

complex gene interactions

Question 14

pedigree - square and circle
which is male and female

Answer 14

female - circle
male - square

Question 15

diploid organisms -

Answer 15

• 1 set from mother, 1 set from father - each set is generated by meiosis
• 2 matching sets of chromosomes (except sex chromosomes in males)
• 2 copies of every gene (except sex chromosomes in males)

Question 16

haploid organisms -

Answer 16

• 1 set from parent cell - generated by mitosis
• 1 set of chromosome
• 1 copy of every gene