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SONOGRAPHY CORE Exam Prep > Pulsed US and attenuation calculations > Flashcards

Pulsed US and attenuation calculations Flashcards

1
Q

What is the formula to calculate frequency?

A

propagation speed/wavelength

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2
Q

What is frequency indirectly proportional to?

A

Period (T)

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3
Q

What is the formula for pulse duration?

A

number of cycles in a pulse x period
(n x T)

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4
Q

What is the formula for SPL?

A

number of cycles x wavelength

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5
Q

How are PRP and PRF related?

A

They are inverses of each other

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6
Q

What is known as the amount of time where the US system is actually emitting sound?

A

Duty factor

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7
Q

How is duty factor calculated?

A

PD/PRP x 100

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8
Q

A 3dB decrease results in what percent reduction in amplitude?

A

50%

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9
Q

A 6dB decrease results in what percent reduction in amplitude?

A

75%

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10
Q

A 10dB decrease results in what percent reduction in amplitude?

A

90%

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11
Q

What is the formula for attenuation coefficient in soft tissue?

A

a(dB) = 1/2 x (frequency) x L

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12
Q

When calculating attenuation for a total round trip, what formula is used?

A

a(dB) = 2 x frequency x L

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13
Q

How to calculate acoustic impedence?

A

z = p (density) x c (propagation speed)

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14
Q

What is acoustic impedence?

A

Resistance to sound wave propagation

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15
Q

Will denser material have an increased or decreased impedence?

A

Increased

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16
Q

When z1 = z2, what will the result be?

A

Anechoic structure - there is 100% transmission

17
Q

What artifact is due to refraction?

A

Lateral position artifact

18
Q

When media 2 has a greater propagation speed than media 1, what happens to the angle of refraction compare to the angle of incidence?

A

When media 2 is greater, the refraction angle will be larger than the incidence angle

19
Q

What unit is acoustic impedance measure in?

A

Rayls

20
Q

What is known as the “frequency of sound waves due to a moving object”?

A

Doppler effect

21
Q

What application is superior in detecting the presence or absence of flow?

A

Power doppler

22
Q

What is a disadvantage of power doppler?

A

Cannot determine the direction

SONOGRAPHY CORE Exam Prep (16 decks)

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