Cardiovascular system - components

Question 1

structure and function of plasma

Answer 1

S= liquid component of blood, 90% water with dissolved chemicals

F= can absorb/give off heat for thermoregulation e.g. evaporation/sweat

Question 2

arteriolitis
venulitis

Answer 2

inflammation of SMALL ARTERIES
inflammation of SMALL VEINS

Question 3

structure and function of leukocytes

Answer 3

S= largest blood cell, made in bone marrow

F= defence through digesting pathogens and dead body cells, and immunity through producing antibodies in response to pathogenic antigens

Question 4

Describe the process of blood clot formation

Answer 4

1. blood vessel gets damaged and leaks
2. vasoconstriction reduces blood flow to the area to prevent blood loss
3. platelets activate and stick to each other, forming a platelet plug to stop bleeding

4 . coagulation- fibrinogen converted to fibrin which strengthens clot by trapping platelets and erythrocytes
5. clot occurs

Question 5

what is haemostasis and how is this achieved?

Answer 5

to control/stop bleeding, achieved through blood clot formation
(also called cessation of blood flow, cessation=stopping)

Question 6

how does the structure of a RBC support its function?

Answer 6

biconcave shape: increased SA:V ratio = increased rate of diffusion of O2, and more flexibility to fit through capillaries to deliver O2 close to cells

no nucleus: more space for Hb to carry more O2 h/w can’t control cellular functions = short life span of 120 days

Question 7

structure of blood

Answer 7

connective tissue containing cells (erythrocytes, leukocytes), cell fragments (platelets) and fluid (plasma)

Question 8

Define angina

Answer 8

chest pain due to decreased supply of blood to the heart muscle