Ketogenesis Flashcards
What are the sources of energy in the body
Carbohydrates
Fats
Lipids
How long can glycogen stores sustain energy levels
12 hours
How long can lipid energy reserves provide energy
up to 12 weeks
When is protein stores used
Used when muscle glycogen stores fail
What do fatty acids contain
Carboxylic head with aliphatic group
Saturated or unsaturated
What are most fatty acids derived from
Triglycerides and phospholipids
Where does fatty acid oxidation occur
Cytoplasm
Describe Acyl-CoA
12 carbons
Can be diffuse into the mitochondrial membrane
What is the order of fatty acid activation
Fatty acid
Acyl adenylate
Acyl-CoA
What does fatty acid use and produce
Use - ATP, CoA-SH
Produce - PPi, AMP
What are the features of most dietary acids
> 14 carbons
Taken through mitochondrial membrane using carnitine shuttle
What happens to most acetyl-CoA under normal metabolic conditions
Utilised via the TCA acid cycle to produce glucose
What happens to a small amount of acetyl-CoA under normal metabolic conditions
Converted into ketones
What are ketones produced
By liver from acetyl-CoA
3 examples of ketones
Acetone
Acetoacetate
Beta-hydroxybutyrate