Everything-1-1-Table 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define Pathogen

A

A microorganism that is capable of causing disease.

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2
Q

Define Host

A

An organism that can receive a pathogen.

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3
Q

Define Infection

A

The introduction of pathogenic tissue inside a host.

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4
Q

What are the 6 links in the Chain of Infection

A
  1. A pathogen existing in the location 2. A reservoir where the pathogen can survive 3. A portal of exit where the pathogen can leave the reservoir 4. A method of transmission form the portal of exit to a host 5. A portal of entry into a host 6. A host that is susceptible to the pathogen
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5
Q

What does OSHA stand for

A

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

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6
Q

What does CDC stand for

A

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

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7
Q

Define Contamination

A

The introduction of a particular substance into a specific area or organism.

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8
Q

Define Decontamination

A

The removal of a harmful substance.

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9
Q

Describe Proper PPE

A
  1. Gloves for all patients and cleaning (remove when not necessary) 2. N95 or HEPA mask when suspecting airborne diseases or the possibility of bodily fluid splatter 3. Eye protection when there is possibility of bodily flip splatter 4. Gowns when there is possibility of extensive bodily flip splatter (usually just childbirth) 5. A surgical mask placed on the patient when airborne diseases are suspected and it doesn’t cause harm
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10
Q

What are Standard Precautions

A

Protocols created by the CDC for interacting with patients safely. This includes hand hygiene, PPE, and decontamination.

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11
Q

Define the Ryan White CARE Act

A

The Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency Act is law that was passed by congress in 1990. Named after Ryan White a teenager who contracted AIDS from a tainted blood transfer. It states that that all emergency personal are required to have access to proper procedures and testing facilities in the case of infectious disease.

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12
Q

What is the Sympathetic Nervous System

A

The system that controls the body’s stress response. Also known as the fight / flight / freeze response.

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13
Q

What is the Parasympathetic Nervous System

A

The system that controls the body’s day-to-day functions.

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14
Q

What is a Synapse

A

A juncture between two cells that use neurotransmitters or electrical signals to communicate.

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15
Q

What is a Neurotransmitter

A

A chemical released from a neuron that travels across a synapse. This causes a fast, short acting response.

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16
Q

What is a Hormone

A

A chemical released from a gland into the bloodstream. This causes a delayed, prolonged response.

17
Q

What is a Ganglia

A

A cluster of neurons that house synapses.

18
Q

What is a Preganglionic Cell

A

An axon that carries action potentials from the central nervous system to a ganglia. These are short in the sympathetic system and long in the parasympathetic system.

19
Q

What is ACh

A

Acetylcholine is the main chemical used by your peripheral and central nervous system to communicate.

20
Q

What is a Postganglionic Cell

A

An axon that carries action potentials from a ganglia to a synapse near the area of effect. These are long in the sympathetic system and short in the parasympathetic system.

21
Q

What is an Effector Organ

A

A specific organ or organ system.

22
Q

What is Epi

A

Foot on the gas

23
Q

What is Norepi

A

Always real see in sympathetic. Foot off the brake

24
Q

What are the 3 types of Muscles in the body

A
  1. Smooth Muscles 2. Skeletal Muscles 3. Cardiac Muscles
25
Q

Define Vasodilation and Vasoconstriction

A

Vasodilation is the widening of blood vessels. Vasoconstriction is the narrowing of blood vessels.

26
Q

Define Alpha Receptors

A

Smooth Muscle Receptors found on blood vessels that lead to digestive and reproductive organs. When Norepi binds to Alpha Receptors it stimulates vasoconstriction.

27
Q

Define Beta Receptors

A

Smooth Muscle Receptors found on blood vessels that lead to cardiac and external skeletal muscles. When Norepi binds to Beta Receptors it stimulates vasodilation.

28
Q

Describe the process that neurotransmitters play in activating the sympathetic nervous system

A

The brain sends action potentials down the spinal cord, through Preganglonic Cells, to the Ganglia, where nerve fibers release ACh into the Preganglonic synapse. Once it reaches a critical mass, it creates action potentials in Postganglionic neurons, which carry the signal to Effector Organs, releasing Norepi into the Postganglionic synapse. Norepi binds to Alpha and Beta Receptors on Smooth Muscles, causing vasoconstriction in digestive and reproductive organs and vasodilation in Cardiac and Skeletal muscles.

29
Q

Describe the process that hormones play in activating the sympathetic nervous system

A

The brain sends action potentials to the adrenal glands, stimulating the Adrenal Madula, which releases Epi and Norepi into the bloodstream. Epi and Norepi bind to Alpha and Beta Receptors on Smooth Muscles, causing vasoconstriction in digestive and reproductive organs and vasodilation in Cardiac and Skeletal muscles.

30
Q

Define Stress

A

Tension crated in the body by stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system.

31
Q

Define Hypertension

A

High blood pressure. Systolic: 0 - 1 years 110+ 1 - 3 years 120+ 3 - 5 years 130+ 5 years on 140+