Embalming III Quiz 2 Flashcards
1
Q
What is OPTN?
A
- The National Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network
- A national computer registry for matching donor organs to waiting recipients
2
Q
What is UNOS?
A
- United Network for Organ Sharing
- UNOS manages OPTN (the computer system for organ procurement)
3
Q
What are OPOs?
A
- Organ Procurement Organizations
- UNOS cooperates with OPOs throughout the county to place organs at the local, regional, and national level
4
Q
Who regulates tissue donation?
A
Tissue donation is regulated by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
5
Q
Procedure for Donation
A
- Hospital reports to OPO (all hospital deaths) and of the donor and their imminent death/ death within 1 hour of their passing. ME reports those who haven’t died in hospitals
- OPO assesses the potential donors suitability (history and medical examination)
- Donor registry is checked to see if the potential donor is already registered to donate
- If the potential donor has not signed to donate, the next-of-kin must consent
- OPO tell NOK how the donation process works asks what they want donated
- Donor organs/tissues are removed
- Organs/tissues are matched to potential recipients and sent to the institutions for transplantation or preservation
- Donor is released to the funeral home
6
Q
What law allows one to donate themselves?
A
- The Revised Uniform Anatomical Gift Act (UAGA)
- Allows those 18 and up to donate their organs/tissues for medical purposes
- A person who signs to have themselves donated signs a “first person consent”. It is legally binding
7
Q
What can brain-dead, ventilated individuals donate?
A
- Those brain-dead, on a ventilator with a beating heart can be an organ donor: heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, pancreas and intestines
8
Q
What can individuals not on a ventilator donate?
A
- One who was never on a ventilator and does not have any cardiac or respiratory activity can donate tissues only: eyes/corneas, blood vessels, cartilage, skin, bone, pericardium, and soft tissues
9
Q
How is the preparation of organ donors and trunk autopsy individuals similar?
A
- The incision for the median sternotomy is a U or V incision
- Incision for an autopsy is a Y incision
- Both the U/V and Y incisions allow for easy access to vessels for embalming
- Hypodermic injection and surface embalming will need to be used
- both require restoration of the trunk cavity
- Leaking may be an issue for both
- delay between death and embalming will require a higher index arterial
- Tracer dye can be used to indicate distribution
- Thorough blood drainage is expected
10
Q
How is the preparation of organ donors and trunk autopsy individuals different?
A
- Donors may still have some organs and internal structures intact in the trunk
11
Q
How are eyes enucleated for donation?
A
- Facial area is sterilized and draped
- Head of donor is elevated to prevent blood pooling
- specialist uses a speculum to open the eyelids
- specialist removes the eye
- Fills the orbital cavity with cotton and eye cap and closes eye
12
Q
How will an embalmer treat the orbital cavity of a donor?
A
- Apply a thin layer of massage cream/lanolin spray
- Remove the packing the specialist put in
- Put in cotton soaked in preservative
- Put in an eye cap for natural form
- Arterially embalm
- Remove eye cap and cotton
- Dry and cauterize the orbit
- Put a trocar botton in the base of the orbit
- Put incision powder over the base of the orbit
- Fill orbit with mastic compound/cotton
- Put in eye cap
- Create natural eye closure
- Secure eye closure with an adhesive cream or glue
- Apply a thin amount of lanolin spray to prevent dehydration
13
Q
How is skin removed for donation? (parital/split thickness)
A
- A dermatome instrument is used: removes thin layers of skin
- uses layers 10-20/1000 of an inch thick
- Split thickness skin is removed from the anterior and posterior sides of the body
14
Q
How is skin removed for donation? (full-thickness)
A
- Free-hand method is used: dermal and adipose/fat tissue is removed
- Donor is placed in a prone position (flat and face downward)
- Recovery site is sterilized and shaved
- Drapes cover parts not recovered
- Specialist may cut down to the fat or muscle layer
- After the recovery, the donor is bathed, absorbent pad placed under them, and put in a body bag
- Skin removed from abdomen, back and thighs
15
Q
Who receives full-thickness skin donations?
A
- for children (better chance of skin living), those with hernias, extensive trauma, cancer
- Full-thickness is used for facial, joint and hand wounds because the outer characteristics of the skin are available
16
Q
Who receives partial/split thickness skin?
A
- Split thickness donations are used to create a bandage to decrease fluid loss and infection.
- for burn victims
17
Q
How will an embalmer treat the skin recovery area of a donor?
A
- Two people should help get the deceased on the table.
- put an absorbent material under them because much leakage may occur.
- Treat the recovery sites with a phenol-based liquid or gel
- Arterially embalm: Use a high index fluid
- After the embalming is complete, look for untreated areas and use hypodermic injection and/or surface embalm any untreated areas.
- Apply a coating of preservative gel over the areas
- After all the embalming is complete, be sure to prop the deceased up on body boards to allow airflow under them.
- Airate the room and allow tissues to dry over night
- Before dressing, apply an absorbent preservative pad to the deceased, wrap area with plastic and put on a plastic union-all.
- you can add absorbent powder in the union-all if leakage is persistent
18
Q
What fluid should be used for donor patients?
A
- higher index fluid and mix in a moderate to strong concentrated solution
- Hypertonic solution of 2% and above
19
Q
Manual Aids to Help Distribution
A
- Lowering hands below the table
- Squeezing the sides of the fingers and the nailbeds
- Bending, rotating, and flexing of limbs
- Elevation of a swollen area
20
Q
Mechanical Aids to Help Distribution
A
- Drainage instruments
- Injection pressure
- Pulsation
- Rate of flow adjustments
- Diameter of the arterial tube help to control the speed and volume of embalming solution
21
Q
Operative Aids to Help Distribution
A
- Invasive treatments such as channeling, wicking, incising
22
Q
What are special-purpose arterial fluids?
A
- Fluids specifically formulated for special/distinct embalming cases/situations
- High Preservative demand, jaundice (5 - 9 % & phenol), renal failure, extensive burns or decomposition
23
Q
Non-hardening Index Arterial Solutions
A
- under 5-15 index
- Low index
24
Q
Semi-hardening Index Arterial Solutions
A
- between 16-25 index.
- Mild Index
