First Movement: Tonality

Question 1

What key does the movement begin in?

Answer 1

D minor.

Question 2

What key does the exposition begin in?

Answer 2

D major, the tonic.

Question 3

What key does the second subject begin in?

Answer 3

A major, the dominant.

Question 4

What happens tonally in the last bars of the exposition?

Answer 4

The ‘A’ pedal in bars 120-123 emphasises the new tonic of A.

Question 5

What key does the development begin in?

Answer 5

B minor, the relative minor.

Question 6

What happens in bar 137 (the tutti section)?

Answer 6

The piece modulates to B major.

Question 7

In what bar in the development section does the piece modulate to B major?

Answer 7

137 (the first tutti section).

Question 8

Describe the tonality in bars 150-155.

Answer 8

Through the circle of fifths, seen in a harmonic rate of one chord per bar, which at D# major, it modulates to E major, via a II V I chord progression, while using A descending baseline (following the ‘y’ motif) in the viola, and also using the bassoon as a baseline.

Question 9

Describe the tonality in bars 172-179.

Answer 9

In bar 172, an augmented sixth chord is presented, which resolves in contrary motion to F#, the dominant key. Through a sustained dominant pedal in the cellos and double basses (174-178), we perfect cadence in B minor (the relative minor).

Question 10

What techniques does Haydn employ to prepare for the return of the tonic for the recapitulation?

Answer 10

From bars 185-190, there is a dominant pedal (A), emphasising the perfect cadence into the tonic (D major).

Question 11

How does Haydn reiterate the tonic key at the end of the movement?

Answer 11

He perfect cadences in five bars of the tonic key.

Question 12

What is tonally achieved in bar 7?

Answer 12

The piece modulates to F major (the relative major to the tonic key of D minor).

Question 13

During the introduction, what bar does the piece modulate to the relative major?

Answer 13

Bar 7.

Question 14

Describe the tonality in bars 13-16.

Answer 14

In bar 13, a cadential 6 / 4 reiterates the tonic of key of D minor in the following bar (with the full tutti orchestra). Bar 15 has a Neapolitan sixth, and it ends on the dominant, in preparation to perfect cadence into the exposition.

Question 15

What happens in bar 109-111?

Answer 15

The baseline has a circle of fifths, leading to A, emphasising the new tonic.