Final Exam Quiz Questions Flashcards
What is an operation, according to Piaget?
a.
a qualitatively new form of remembering
b.
an abstract manipulation of formal thought
c.
a way of increasing one’s own knowledge base
d.
an internalized mental action coordinated with others
D
All of the following are characteristic of the thought processes of middle childhood, according to Piaget, EXCEPT:
a.
thinking that includes consideration of alternatives.
b.
the ability to manipulate abstract ideas and symbols.
c.
the ability to mentally retrace steps when problem solving.
d.
the understanding that transformations in appearance do not change the basic properties of number, mass, and volume.
B
Garry pours a glass of milk for his daughter, Simone. Simone wants more, so Garry pours the milk from a short, fat glass into a tall, thin one. Simone is not amused and asks for more milk. Obviously, Simone:
a.
is able to reason abstractly.
b.
has reached, at least, the preoperational stage.
c.
has reached, at least, the formal operational stage.
d.
has reached, at least, the concrete operational stage.
D
When Brenda correctly solves Piaget’s conservation task and explains “They were equal to start with and you haven’t added anything or taken in away, so they’re the same,” she is demonstrating an understanding of:
a.
identity.
b.
compensation.
c.
reversibility.
d.
decentration.
A
Jamie collects coins and has been able to organize them by country and metal. What aspect of concrete operations is Jamie exhibiting?
a.
conservation
b.
classification
c.
planning
d.
metacognition
B
Chi compared the memories of experienced 10-year-old chess payers with beginner college-age chess players and found that:
a.
the college students were more accurate in all areas.
b.
the college students used spatially oriented memory strategies.
c.
performance for chess arrangements was the same for both groups.
d.
the 10-year-olds were more accurate at remembering chess arrangements
D
Psychologists have found that teaching 5-year-olds to rehearse material they are given to remember:
a.
is impossible.
b.
does not improve their memory performance.
c.
brings their memory performance up to the level of older children.
d.
is only helpful to children who are already able to rehearse on their own.
C
Cross-cultural differences in performance on conservation tasks suggest:
a.
training, familiar materials, and use of native language are important contributors to children’s performance on standardized tests.
b.
there are few universals in Piaget’s stages of cognitive development.
c.
experience does not affect the acquisition of the cognitive concepts identified by Piaget.
d.
there is little cultural variation in familiarity with the contents used in tests of the cognitive operations identified by Piaget.
A
Which of the following MOST accurately summarizes the findings of cross-cultural studies of cognitive development?
a.
Concrete operations are not universal.
b.
Concrete operations appear to be universal but are affected by variations in task familiarity.
c.
The ability to perform concrete operational tasks is unaffected by variations in culture.
d.
Only children who have been to school can successfully solve concrete operational problems.
B
When Liberian children who had never been to school were asked to recall items that were grouped in a meaningful way, they performed:
a.
better than children who had gone to school.
b.
poorly, because they had not developed their memory span.
c.
similarly to children who had gone to school.
d.
poorly, because they did not use organizational strategies.
C
As children spend more time with their peers during middle childhood, they must learn how to:
a.
not compete for social status.
b.
avoid conflicts with peers.
c.
create a satisfying place for themselves within the social group.
d.
regulate their behavior with help from adults.
C
Luka likes to set group activities and control the toys and play spaces in his second-grade class. Luka would be considered a(n) ____________ child.
a.
dominant
b.
controversial
c.
recessive
d.
active
A
Bullies tend to:
a.
have poor social-information processing skills.
b.
pick on a small percentage of school children.
c.
use their well-developed social-information processing skills in an antisocial way.
d.
not be popular.
C
Bullying appears to peak during the sixth grade in American schools because:
a.
this is when interest in the opposite sex is starting to rise (in straight children, that is).
b.
children at this age have fewer parental controls than in earlier years.
c.
children are moving from elementary to middle school, and new social groups are forming.
d.
children are frustrated by the increased academic demands of middle school, and bullying is a way to “blow off steam.”
C
Rhonda is particularly well-practiced in relational aggression. She is most likely:
a.
neglected.
b.
popular.
c.
rejected.
d.
an outcast.
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B
