PAPER 2 - COMPARISON OF APPROACHES

Question 1

what are the 3 main comparison points of the approaches?

Answer 1

• free will vs determinism
• nature vs nurture
• scientific vs non-scientific

Question 2

what is determinism?

Answer 2

assumption that behaviour is determined by things other than the individuals free will e.g. biology

Question 3

what is free will?

Answer 3

behaviour is self-determined by individuals free-will

Question 4

what is nature?

Answer 4

behaviour is a result of genetic makeup

Question 5

what is nurture?

Answer 5

behaviour is a result of experiences in our environment

Question 6

what is scientific vs non-scientific methodology?

Answer 6

does the approach take scientific method (e.g. lab study) or alterative method

Question 7

is behaviourist approach deterministic or based on free will?

Answer 7

deterministic

Question 8

why is the behaviourist deterministic?

Answer 8

the consequences of our behaviour determine the likelihood of a behaviour recurring - skinner emphasised the importance of external forces in the environment (reward/punishment) in shaping our behaviour

Question 9

is social learning theory deterministic or based on free will?

Answer 9

has aspects of determinism and free will

Question 10

how is social learning theory based on determinism?

Answer 10

observing others (vicarious learning) - behaviour is a product of our experiences

Question 11

how is social learning theory based on free will?

Answer 11

the learning process provides ‘tools’ to conduct a particular behaviour - up to individual how/when to use tools

Question 12

is the cognitive approach based on determinism or free will?

Answer 12

free will

Question 13

why is the cognitive approach deterministic?

Answer 13

determined by individuals own though processes and determine behaviour allows individual to have some control over their behaviour

Question 14

is the biological approach based on determinism or free will?

Answer 14

determinism

Question 15

why is the biological approach based on determinism?

Answer 15

determined by physiological and genetic factors - outside of our control

Question 16

is the psychodynamic approach based on determinism or free will?

Answer 16

determinism

Question 17

why is the psychodynamic approach based on determinism?

Answer 17

determined by unconscious factors that are largely unknown to us so out of our control

Question 18

is the humanistic approach based on determinism or free will?

Answer 18

free will

Question 19

why is the /humanistic approach based on free will?

Answer 19

Maslow and Rogers believed that decide their own behaviour rather than outside forces (e.g. biology)

Question 20

is the origin of the behaviourist approach based on nature or nurture?

Answer 20

nurture

Question 21

why is the behaviourist approach based on nurture?

Answer 21

behaviour is the consequence of our interactions with the environment and consequences of our behaviour within that environment

Question 22

is the origin of social learning theory based on nature or nurture?

Answer 22

both

Question 23

why is social learning theory based on nature?

Answer 23

thought processes may be a product of innate factors or experiences, sharing information processing

Question 24

why is social learning theory based on nurture?

Answer 24

problems may arise when people develop irrational thoughts as a result of our experience

Question 25

is the origin of the biological approach based on nature or nurture?

Answer 25

nature

Question 26

why is the origin of the biological approach nature?

Answer 26

biological systems are a product of innate factors

Question 27

is the origin of the psychodynamic approach based on nature or nurture?

Answer 27

both

Question 28

why is the psychodynamic approach based on nature?

Answer 28

focuses on the nature of human behaviour in the unconscious forces and conflicts we must all deal with

Question 29

why is the psychodynamic approach based on nurture?

Answer 29

how we cope is a large product of our upbringing

Question 30

is the origin of the humanistic approach based on nature or nurture?

Answer 30

both

Question 31

why is the origin of the humanistic approach based on nature?

Answer 31

makes various assumptions about human nature e.g. drive to self actualise

Question 32

why is the origin of the humanistic approach based on nurture?

Answer 32

acknowledges problems in achieving self-actualisation that arise from experiences/upbringing e.g. CoW, unconditional positive regard

Question 33

is behaviourist approach scientific? why?

Answer 33

• scientific
• focus is on objective experimental methods of studying responses allows for replication

Question 34

is social learning theory scientific? why?

Answer 34

• scientific
• allows for strict control over variables - Bobo Dolls

Question 35

is cognitive approach scientific? why?

Answer 35

• scientific
• focus is on objective experimental methods of studying responses allows for replication (nonsense trigrams P&P)

Question 36

is biological approach scientific?

Answer 36

• scientific
• uses experimental methods - scans & biochemistry

Question 37

is psychodynamic approach scientific?

Answer 37

• non-scientific
• uses case studies to support it

Question 38

is humanistic approach scientific?

Answer 38

• non-scientific
• rejects scientific methodology - saw it as dehumanising and unable to capture nature of conscious experiences