Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human growth and development > Unit 3 - Adolescents - Part 2 > Flashcards

Unit 3 - Adolescents - Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two nervous systems?

A

Peripheral and central

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the parts of the central nervous system?

A

Brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the purpose of the brain?

A

Integrates homeostasis, perception, movement, intellect and emotions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the two parts of the peripheral nervous system?

A

Somatic and autonomic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the function of the somatic nervous system?

A
  • Controls voluntary muscles
  • Transmits sensory info to the central nervous system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the function of the autonomic nervous system?

A
  • Controls involuntary body functions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are some examples of involuntary actions?

A
  • Blood pressure
  • Pupil size
  • Heart rate/beat
  • Stomach activity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are examples of voluntary actions?

A
  • Turning a page
  • Posture control
  • Balance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the sympathetic nervous system?

A
  • Part of the autonomic nervous system
  • Prepares the body for fight or flight/emergencies
  • Releases adrenaline, increases heart rate, pumps more blood to muscles, increases blood pressure, can stop stomach activity
  • Constricts non-vital arteries, relaxes vital arteries
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the parasympathetic nervous system?

A
  • Part of the autonomic nervous system and brother to the sympathetic nervous system
  • Relaxes the body after an emergency, conserves energy, aims to recover
  • Reduces heart rate, decreases blood pressure
  • Releases endorphins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hindbrain location and structures

A
  • Located at the rear base of the skull
  • Cerebellum
  • Pons
  • Medulla
  • Spinal cord
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cerebellum location and function

A
  • Located behind the spinal cord
  • Maintaining balance and posture
  • Coordinating moment
  • Eye movements (dilation)
  • Receives impulses from most sensory areas of the body
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What would happen if the cerebellum was damaged?

A
  • Tremors, dizziness, vertigo
  • Slurred speech, difficulty judging distances
  • Slow movement and weak muscles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Pons location and function

A
  • Located on the ventral side of the brain stem and extends slightly into the midbrain
  • Bridge between the brain and spinal cord
  • Responsible for pain sensations
  • Produces sleep chemicals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Medulla location and function

A
  • Located on the ventral side of the spinal cord, inferior to the pons
  • Controls breathing, blood pressure, and heart rate
  • Swallowing
  • Reflexes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Spinal cord location and function

A
  • Located on the inferior extremity of the brain stem
  • Information station for the brain to the rest of the body and the body to the brain
  • Coordinates reflexes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Midbrain location and structures

A
  • Located superior to the pons at at the topmost part of the brain stem
  • Pons
  • Medulla
  • Reticular activating system (RAS)
  • Colliculi
  • Tegmentum
  • Cerebral peduncle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Reticular activating system (RAS) function

A
  • Alerts the rest of the brain of incoming signals
  • involved in the sleep/wake cycle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Forebrain location and structures

A
  • Located all around the central core
    Cerebrum
  • Cortex
    Limbic system
  • Thalamus
  • Hypothalamus
  • Amygdala
  • Hippocampus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Cerebrum location and function

A
  • Outer layer of the brain but inferior to the cortex
  • Control muscle functions
  • Controls speech, thought, emotions, reading, writing, and learning
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Cerebral cortex location and function

A
  • Outer layer of the brain, superior to the cerebrum
  • Gives the ability to learn
  • Conscious thought occurs in the cortex
  • Stores complex and abstract information - Allows reading
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Limbic system structures

A
  • Thalamus
  • Hypothalamus
  • Amygdala
  • Hippocampus
23
Q

Limbic system function

A
  • Regulates emotions and motivations
24
Q

Amygdala location and functions

A
  • Located superior to the hippocampus which is superior to the pons
  • Controls violent emotions such as fear and anger
  • Responsible for fight or flight response
25
Q

Thalamus location and functions

A
  • Located in the center of the brain superior to the midbrain
  • Relays information to and from the cortex/cerebrum
  • Info from eyes, ears, skin, and mouth enters the thalamus and is sent to the correct areas
  • Involved with sleep
26
Q

Hypothalamus location and function

A
  • Located directly inferior to the thalamus
  • Responsible for homeostasis
  • Controls temp regulation
  • Controls hunger, thirst, and sexual behaviour
  • Involved sleep
27
Q

Hippocampus location and function

A
  • Located inferior to the amygdala but superior to the pons
  • Essential for memory formation
  • A damaged hippocampus would make new memories difficult to form
28
Q

What are the 5 ways phycologists study the brain?

A
  • Recording electrical activity
  • Stimulating firing of neurons
  • Lesions cutting parts of animal brains
  • Images with technology
  • Accidents
29
Q

What is a computerized axial tomography (CT)?

A

Imaging technique used to study the brain and pinpoint injury/deterioration
- A moving ring passes x-ray beams and is absorbed differently based on tissue density

30
Q

What is positron emission (PET)?

A

Imaging tech used to see which parts of the brain are being activated during specific tasks
- Injects radioactive substance into blood
- Active neurons absorb quicker

31
Q

What is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)?

A

Measuring technique used to study brain structure and activity
- Combines PET and CT
- Passes radio waves through the brain
- Translates to an image

32
Q

What is an electroencephalograph (EEG)?

A

A machine used to record the electrical activity of large portions of the brain
- Wires are attached to the head to record neurons

33
Q

What are lobes?

A

Different regions that the cerebral cortex is divided

34
Q

What are the four lobes?

A
  • Frontal
  • Parietal
  • Occipital
  • Temporal
35
Q

Frontal lobe location and functions

A
  • Located on the ventral side of the brain
  • Initiating voluntary motor impulses for skeletal muscles
  • Analyzing sensory experiences
  • Verbal communication
  • Some forms of ideation or memory
  • Manages thinking, self control, personality, emotions
36
Q

Parietal lobe location and functions

A
  • Located posterior to the frontal lobe but anterior to the occipital lobe
  • Understanding speech
  • Processing of information from touch, pressure, temperature and pain receptors throughout the body.
37
Q

Temporal lobe location and functions

A
  • Located superior to the frontal and temporal lobes
  • Auditory centres
  • Memory storage of auditory or visual experiences
  • Learning and memory
38
Q

Occipital lobe location and functions

A
  • Located on the posterior side of the brain
  • Vision
  • Focusing eyes
39
Q

What is the corpus callosum?

A

A thick fibrous band that connects the two hemispheres

40
Q

What is a neuron?

A

Thin cells of nerve tissue that messages to and from the brain travel on

41
Q

What is a dendrite?

A
  • The arms of a neuron
  • Protrude from the cell body
  • Receive impulses/messages and send them to the cell body
42
Q

What is the cell body?

A
  • A roundish main part of the neuron
  • Receives messages from the dendrites
  • Sends the message to the axon
43
Q

What is the nucleus?

A
  • Powers the neuron/keep sit alive
44
Q

What is the axon?

A
  • Sausage link lookin ass
  • Receives messages from cell body and send it to axon terminals
45
Q

What are axon terminals?

A
  • Protrude from end of axon
  • Connects to dendrites of the next neuron
  • Sends message to the next neuron
46
Q

What is the myelin sheath?

A
  • Fatty layer that insulates/protects the axon
  • Speeds message transmission
47
Q

What is a synapse?

A

A gap between individual nerve cells
- Moves messages from one neuron to another through chemicals known as neurotransmitters, a chemical that opens up receptors
- Only dendrites have receptors, so it (The synapse) keeps the message going in one direction

48
Q

Why is there a use it or lose it stage of the brain?

A

The synapse- how neurons communicate- that are not used are removed from the brain

49
Q

Why do teens have difficulty making decisions?

A
  • The frontal and temporal lobes aren’t fully developed until 25
  • Judgement, reasoning, planning, organization and even impulse control
50
Q

How does synaptic pruning affect the teenage brain?

A

Results in more efficient transmission of nerve impulses

51
Q

What happens when myelin is added?

A

Speeds up neuronal transmissions

52
Q

Do you think that the brain differences in teenagers are an acceptable explanation for their sometimes “reckless” behaviour? Explain.

A
  • Yes to a certain degree
  • Insane recklessness isn’t acceptable as studies have shown that adolescents can behave adult and rationally most of the time
  • MRIs have also shown that adolescents can behave more erratically than adults in stressful situations due to the undeveloped frontal and temporal lobes
  • Stupid risky behaviour would be more prevalent if it was biological
53
Q

What are some points the articles make?

A
  • Teens need more (8.5-9.5) and later sleep (phase delay), take longer to fall asleep
  • Better sleep hygiene leads to better grades
  • Teens aren’t universally stupid reckless
  • Teens biologically take calculated risks to gain experience
  • “When they’re making a decision under ambiguous circumstances, they’re going to take more risks than adults”
54
Q

What are tips we can give teens?

A
  • Have a regular bedtime and, more importantly, a regular wake time.
  • Make a regular time for breakfast.
  • If your teen must sleep in on weekends, limit it to no more than one hour.
  • Keep all electronic devices out of the bedroom, including phones, computer screens and televisions. The light from the screens, and concomitant social interaction or mental processing driven by the devices pushes sleep later.
  • Set a screen time curfew.

Human growth and development (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions