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CASE 19- MENING > MED VIRO > Flashcards

MED VIRO Flashcards

1
Q

anterograde example

A

reactivation of herpes virus

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2
Q

Rabies are example of

A

retrograde.
to the cell body –> cns

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3
Q

Acute Disseminated Encephalo-myelitis (ADEM) is also known

A

 Post-infectious encephalomyelitis
- autoimmune

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4
Q

aseptic meningitis treatment is

A

supportive

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5
Q

non envelope are

A

very togh

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6
Q

Poliomyelitis–

A

spinal cord

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7
Q

poliomyelitis control

there is a polio vaccine derived

A

Vaccines
* OPV (live attenuated, Sabin 1/2/3)
* IPV (killed, Salk)

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8
Q

Laboratory Diagnosis
of enteroviruses

A

PCR
– More easily available
– CSF, stool, (respiratory samples)

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9
Q

when you suspect herpes simplex encephilitis you need to

A

react fast, the patient will done

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10
Q

A patient with meningitis would clinically present with (4):

A
  • Headache
  • neck stiffness
  • photophobia
  • nausea and vomit
    —–> with normal brain function (i.e., no focal neurologic)
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11
Q

Patient with encephalitis generally present with: (1)

A

Altered brain function

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12
Q

What is myelitis?

A

inflammation of the spinal cord

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13
Q

Symptom triad of aseptic meningitis.

A

Fever, meningitis irritation, headache

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14
Q

Most common causes of viral meningitis. (3)

A
  1. Enterovirus (< 1y/o)
  2. HSV (HSV-2 adults)- Mollaret’s meningitis
  3. Mumps- MMR vaccine
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15
Q

Human enteroviruses
(4)

(stable in acidic pH)

A
  • Echoviruses
  • Enteroviruses
  • (Coxsackieviruses)
  • (Polioviruses  poliomyelitis)
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16
Q

Which part of the brain often affected by HSV encephalitis

A

temporal lobes

17
Q

Emergency treatment for HSV encephalitis.

A

acyclovir

18
Q

Risk factors for CMV encephalitis (2)

A
  • HIV‐associated + immunocompromised
19
Q

Paramyxoviruses : (2)

A
  • Mumps
  • Measles
20
Q

Measles inclusion body encephalitis
(MIBE) risk factor

A
  • Immune‐compromised patients
21
Q

What would be your management if the present with category 1

Hx: Touching/feeding animal, licking of intact skin

A

No action if reliable history

22
Q

How would you manage a patient with exposure rabies
Hx: Scratch (no bleeding,) nibble, or lick of broken skin

A

vaccine

23
Q

Category 3: Lick of mucous membranes, bites or scratches that draw blood

How would you management?

A

Vaccine + Rabigam

24
Q

Is it a good or bad idea to test for virus in a CSF in a patient with Post-infectious encephalomyletis? Why ?

A

 For post-infectious encephalomyelitis, the disease
is due to immunopathology thus the virus that
triggered the disease would not be present in CSF.
 PCR would not be a useful diagnostic test here
 Antibody tests like IgG or IgM to specific viruses are
not very useful either.

25
Q

Pathophysiology Acute Flaccid Paralysis

A

Enteroviruses and polio virus enter through the gut and enters CNS via blood stream
Virus replicates in the cell body of neurons
The viral replication is cytolytic

26
Q

Pathophysiology of Post-infectious encephalomyelitis

A

Following a viral infection in some
individuals, T- cell confused the myelin in
the brain with viral antigen epitope
This results in white matter lesions
in the CNS
“Molecular mimicry”
This can also happen in peripheral nerves –
Guillain Barre syndrome (see resource pack)

27
Q

Which viruses can spread to the central nervous system via retrograde axonal transport?

A

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) and rabies virus

28
Q

Which cranial nerve can be used as a route of entry for certain viruses to reach the brain?

A

Olfactory nerve

29
Q

What is the most common symptom triad seen in viral aseptic meningitis?

A

Fever, meningeal irritation, and headache

30
Q

Which type of viruses are stable in acid pH and can cause aseptic meningitis?

A

Enteroviruses

31
Q

What is the most common cause of sporadic viral encephalitis?

A

Herpes simplex virus (HSV)1

32
Q

Which virus is responsible for causing subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)?

A

Measles virus

33
Q

Which virus is associated with post-infectious encephalomyelitis (PIEM)?

A

Rubella virus

34
Q

Which arbovirus is transmitted by mosquitoes and can cause diseases like Rift Valley fever and West Nile fever?

A

West Nile virus

35
Q

What is the recommended treatment for suspected cases of rabies infection in humans?

A

Post-exposure prophylaxis with rabies vaccine and administration of rabies immunoglobulin if necessary.

36
Q

Which viral infection is the most common cause of sporadic viral encephalitis?
a) Measles
b) Rabies
c) Herpes simplex
d) Mumps

A

c

37
Q

Which viral family does the causative agent of poliomyelitis belong to?
a) Paramyxoviridae
b) Picornaviridae
c) Herpesviridae
d) Flaviviridae

A

B

38
Q

Which neurological syndrome is characterized by cognitive dysfunction, dementia, seizures, ataxia, and coma, and is associated with JC virus infection?
a) Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)
b) Measles inclusion body encephalitis (MIBE)
c) Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)
d) Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)

A

A

CASE 19- MENING (7 decks)

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