scoring systems and mnemonics

Question 1

4AT screening

Answer 1

Alertness (0 or 4)
Abbreviated mental test (age, DOB, place, year; 1 mistake = 1 and 2 or more is 2)
Attention (months of year backwards. if cannot = 2, if score <7 or refuse to start = 1 and 0 if more than 7)
Acute changes or fluctuating course (yes = 4)

Question 2

differentiates vasular dementia vs alzheimers

Answer 2

Hachinsky Ischaemic Score

Question 3

4As of dementia

Answer 3

amnesia
agnosia
apraxia
aphasia

Question 4

MMSE

Answer 4

27 = normal
21-26 = mild
11-20 = mod
10 and below = severe

Question 5

MoCA

Answer 5

26 is cut off

Question 6

MoCA vs MMSE

Answer 6

MoCA more sensi, more emphasis on frontal executive functioning and attention from MMSE hence more sensitive

Question 7

test for frontotemporal dementia?

Answer 7

Wisconsin Card Sorting Test is a measure of executive functioning due to the sensitivity in detecting frontal lobe dysfunction.

Question 8

normal pressure hydrocephalus clinical picture (3 features)

Answer 8

Insidious onset of dementia, unsteady gait, urinary incontinence.

Question 9

pseudodementia scale

Answer 9

Geriatric Depression Scale

Question 10

lewy body clinical hx - 2 or more…

Answer 10

Recurrent visual hallucinations (typically well-formed).
Episodic confusion.
REM sleep behaviour disorder.
One or more features of Parkinsonism (e.g. resting tremor).

Question 11

metabolic screening in antipsychotics

Answer 11

height, weight, BMI, waist
circumference, blood pressure, pulse, fasting glucose, fasting cholesterol and lipids, HbA1c.

Question 12

If the person is cognitively impaired (3)

Answer 12

1. Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE)
2. Montreal Cognitive
   Assessment (MoCA)
3. Clock Drawing Test.

Question 13

Assessment of frontal lobe function and discrimination between frontal dysexecutive dementia and dementia in Alzheimer disease (2)

Answer 13

Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB)

Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination (ACE-R)

Question 14

Person presenting following an episode of self-harm or someone with suicidal ideation

Answer 14

Tool for Assessment of Suicide Risk or the Suicide Risk Assessment and Management Manual (S-RAMM).

Question 15

Person with suspected depression rating scale (2)

Answer 15

• Beck Depression Inventory [BDI]
• Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression [HAM-D]

Question 16

Person with suspected mania rating scale

Answer 16

Young Mania Rating Scale

Question 17

Person with schizophrenia rating scales (4)

Answer 17

• Scale for the Assessment of Negative/Positive Symptoms (SANS, SAPS)
• Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS)
• 4-Item Positive Symptom Rating Scale
• Brief Negative Symptom Assessment.

Question 18

Suspected anxiety rating scale

Answer 18

Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A)

Question 19

Suspected obsessive compulsive disorder rating scale

Answer 19

Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS).

Question 20

Suspected alcohol withdrawal assessment

Answer 20

Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol (CIWA)

Question 21

Person with a suspected eating disorder scale

Answer 21

Eating Attitudes Test (EAT)

Question 22

Postpartum female with suspected depression scale

Answer 22

Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale

Question 23

Assessment of risk of violence - the rating and its components?

Answer 23

HCR-20V3

10 past (‘historical’) factors
5 present (‘clinical’) variables
5 future (‘risk management’) issues.

Question 24

autism rating scales (2)

Answer 24

Autistic Diagnostic Interview Revised (ADI-R): interview conducted with the parents of individuals who have been referred for the evaluation of possible autism spectrum disorder.

Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS): interview conducted with the child who has been referred for the evaluation of possible autism spectrum disorder.

Question 25

ADHD assessment (5)

Answer 25

Interview with the parents

Interview with the child

Connors 3rd edition self-report (Conners 3–SR)

Connor’s Assessment Scale given to the parents and the teacher.

Collateral information from school: a school visit to observe behaviour in the classroom may be useful.

Question 26

neuropsychological test used in people with a suspected brain injury

Answer 26

Halstead-Reitan Battery

Question 27

six criteria in capacity to consent

Answer 27

understand, believe, retain, use, weigh in the balance and communicate

Question 28

what is catatonia and how to treat

Answer 28

Stopping of voluntary movement or staying still in an unusual position

can treat with bezno

Question 29

physiological abnormalities in anorexia

Answer 29

Gs and Cs are high

hypokalaemia
low FSH, LH, oestrogens and testosterone
raised cortisol and growth hormone
impaired glucose tolerance
hypercholesterolaemia
hypercarotinaemia
low T3

Question 30

The classic triad in werenickes encephalopathy:

Answer 30

1. ophthalmoplegia (often a lateral rectus palsy and/or horizontal nystagmus)
2. confusion
3. ataxia (though any cerebellar signs can be present).

Question 31

However, this man also has features that make Korsakoff’s syndrome the unifying diagnosis: anterograde amnesia (he forgets your interaction) and confabulation (he makes up two different stories about his day).