2. Simple Sentence: Sentence Types & Their Discourse Functions

Question 1

Simple sentence types (syntactic)

Answer 1

1. Declaratives (e.g., I’m confident.)
2. Interrogatives (WH-element, Yes-no interrogatives, e.g., Where were you born?)
3. Imperatives (e.g., Be positive!)
4. Exclamatives (e.g., What, how + SV, e.g., How charming she is! What a nice day! Oh!)

Question 2

Discourse functions

Answer 2

1. Statements (primarily convey information)
2. Questions (primarily to express lack of information and to seek information)
3. Directives (primarily to instruct or direct sb. to do something)
4. Exclamations (feeling, emotions…)

Question 3

MISMATCHES (simple sentence types + discourse functions)

Answer 3

a) Rhetorical question: interrogative sentence type, statement, marked by WH-question, the function is to enrich the recipient
b) Declarative question: declarative sentence type, question
c) Polite request: interrogative sentence type, directive
d) Exclamatory question: interrogative sentence type, exclamation

Question 4

Types of directives

Answer 4

1. Directives without a subject Be quiet! Come here!
2. Directives with a subject Somebody open this door. You boys come back!
3. Directives with LET Let’s have a party. Let’s go to the cinema.
4. Negative imperatives Don’t open the window. Do not fall off!
5. DO with positive imperatives Do sing us a song! Do show us! (emphatic)

Question 5

Types of questions

Answer 5

1. Positive Yes/No question
2. Negative Yes/No questions
3. WH questions
4. Alternative questions
5. Tag questions
6. Declarative questions
7. Minor types
   Exclamatory
   Rhetorical
   Echo questions

Question 6

Match/mismatch: Isn´t she thin?

Answer 6

-> mismatch: minor type – exclamatory interrogative