Ch. 11.1 What is emotion?

Question 1

What is the relevance of pure autonomic failure to the study of emotions?

Answer 1

People with pure autonomic failure do not react to events with changes in heart rate or other autonomic functions. They report still having emotional experiences but they do not feel them as strongly.

Question 2

In what physiological way, if any, does one type of emotion differ from another?

Answer 2

No type of emotion has a unique pattern of physiological
activity, either in the autonomic nervous system or in the brain.

Question 3

What evidence challenges the idea that we identify people’s
emotions by their facial expressions?

Answer 3

Given a photo of a spontaneous facial expression, people usually see more than one emotion and often don’t see the emotion described by the person whose face was shown. People recognize expressions from their own culture better than those from other cultures. Also, in everyday life we identify someone’s emotion by a combination of cues, including posture, context,
gestures, and tone of voice.

Question 4

After damage to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, what
happens to people’s moral reasoning and concern for others?

Answer 4

Such people become more likely to endorse the utilitar- ian option, even in situations where most people would find it emotionally unacceptable. They show
decreased concern for others.

Question 5

Which brain area is associated with the behavioral activation system and a tendency to approach?

Answer 5

The left hemisphere

Question 6

what is an alternative idea to the idea of basic amotions?

Name the 2 systems

Answer 6

An alternative to the idea of basic emotions is that emotional feelings vary along two or more continuous dimensions, such as weak versus strong, or pleasant versus unpleasant. Physiological evidence fits this idea.

BIS and BAS

Question 7

behavioral activation system (BAS) is assosiated with?

i lys av alternativ ide om at følelser varierer fra sterk-svak etc….

Answer 7

Marked by low to moderate autonomic arousal and a tendency to approach, which could characterize happiness or anger.

Question 8

behavioral inhibition system (BIS) is assosiated with?

Answer 8

Increased activity of the frontal and temporal lobes of the right hemisphere is as- sociated with the behavioral inhibition system (BIS), which increases attention and arousal, inhibits action, and stimulates emotions such as fear and disgust

Question 9

damage to the ______ ________ cortex makes people tend to make more utilitarian choises in moral dilemmas

Answer 9

ventromedial prefrontal cortex