All You Need is Love and Friendship

Question 1

what is attraction necessary for?

Answer 1

• for friendships to form
• can be the precursor to an intimate relationship

Question 2

what is the necessary first step for forming social relationship?

Answer 2

• affiliation

Question 3

what factors influence attraction and liking?

Answer 3

• physical appearance (as explained by evolutionary theory, youthful, facial symmetry)
• ideals (characteristics, explained by social and cognitive perspective, warmth-trustworthiness)
• proximity (living close by, more likely to choose friends that live in same building as you)
• similarity (similar attitudes)
• familiarity (can increase how comfortable we are with person, mere exposure effect)

Question 4

define self-disclosure

Answer 4

• willingness of sharing of intimate information and feelings with another person
• mutual disclosing of information
• central processes in developing and maintaining relationships

Question 5

what does Ruben (1973) say about love and liking?

Answer 5

• loving is different than liking a person

Question 6

what two categories of love are there?

Answer 6

• passionate/romantic love
• companionate love

Question 7

explain passionate love

Answer 7

• intense emotional state
• feel more positive, increases self-esteem

Question 8

explain companionate love

Answer 8

• less intense than passionate love
• feelings of friendly affection and deep attachment

Question 9

outline Hatfield and Walster (1981) 3-factor theory of love

Answer 9

• suggests that passionate love is product of three factors
• cultural concept of love (cultural determinate that suggests love as a state
• appropriate person to love (based on past learning of concept of love)
• emotional arousal (self-labelled love, felt when thinking about a person)

Question 10

outline Dutton & Aron (1974) study into attractiveness and arousal

Answer 10

• had male ppts cross either a wobbly suspension bridge over high canyon
  OR
• cross solid bridge over small river
• attractive female researcher approached and administered questionnaire and gave name + number
• found the ppts on fear-arousing suspension bridge = more likely to contact researcher
• shows arousal felt from bridge task was transferred to researcher

Question 11

outline the triangular theory of love (Sternberg, 1986)

Answer 11

• suggested love is based on 3 factors
• intimacy - feelings of warmth, closeness, connection
• passion - drive that leads to romance, physical attraction
• commitment - to maintain relationship

Question 12

what is ‘amount’ of love experienced dependent on?

Answer 12

• strength of the components outlined in triangular theory of love

Question 13

what is ‘type’ of love experienced dependent on?

Answer 13

• the strength relative to each of the components of love outlined in triangular theory of love

Question 14

what components of triangular theory of love are needed for ‘liking’?

Answer 14

• intimacy

Question 15

what components of triangular theory of love are needed for ‘romantic love’?

Answer 15

• intimacy
• passion

Question 16

what components of triangular theory of love are needed for ‘companionate love’?

Answer 16

• intimacy
• commitment

Question 17

what components of triangular theory of love are needed for ‘consummate love’?

Answer 17

• intimate
• commitment
• passion

Question 18

outline the social exchange theory

Answer 18

• based on economic approach to behaviour
• idea that humans want to maximise the benefits and minimise the costs in relationship
• relationships can be seen as unsatisfactory when costs exceed rewards
• expectations about cost and reward in relationships based on comparing current with past relationships

Question 19

what does the equity theory about relationships suggest?

Answer 19

• ratio of inputs to outcomes should be fair
• we strive for equity in relationships