cancer (W8)

Question 1

key features of cancer

Answer 1

uncontrolled proliferation
self sufficiency in growth signals
insensitivity to anti-growth signals
avoiding cell death (apoptosis)
establish blood flow (for O2 and nutrients)
tissue invasion
metastasis

Question 2

lifestyle cancer prevention

Answer 2

smoke free
healthy weight
sun safety
avoid certain substances at work
vaccinations
drink less alcohol
high fibre diet
avoid unnecessary radiation
cut down on processed meat
avoid air pollution
breastfeed if possible
be more active
minimise HRT use

Question 3

investigation of suspected colorectal cancer?

Answer 3

colonoscopy

Question 4

red flag symptoms for back pain (may indicate spinal cord or cauda equina compression)

Answer 4

weakness/numbness in both legs
saddle anasthesia
urine retention/incontinence, faecal incontinence
nocturnal pain
weight loss
fevers
thoracic pain
recent trauma
history of cancer/immunosuppresion

Question 5

what scan to find signs of cord compression?

Answer 5

MRI