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Hnrs chem > second semester final > Flashcards

second semester final Flashcards

1
Q

what happens to reaction rate as temp goes up

A

goes up regardless of endo or exo

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2
Q

how does a catalyst increase reaction rate

A

creates an alternative pathway lowering activation energy

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3
Q

what is activation energy

A

the energy required for forward reaction

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4
Q

what happens to an equation at equilibrium when more reactants are added?

A

makes more products

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5
Q

in an endothermic reaction, energy is …

A

absorbed

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6
Q

in an exothermic reaction, energy is …

A

released

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7
Q

the more energy that’s stored…

A

the less stable it is

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8
Q

an increase in pressure will shift the reaction …

A

toward less molecules

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9
Q

what is entropy

A

chaos

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10
Q

what is the change in G?

A

Gibbs free energy

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11
Q

what will happen when you make a conjugate acid

A

it will receive a hydrogen

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12
Q

what will happen when you make a conjugate base

A

it will lose a hydrogen

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13
Q

do bases receive or lose hydrogen

A

receive

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14
Q

do acids receive or lose hydrogen

A

lose

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15
Q

strong acids and strong electrical conductivity have a ____ Ka

A

high

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16
Q

weak acids have a ____ Ka

A

low

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17
Q

a high specific heat means that it will change temp …

A

slower

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18
Q

a low specific heat means that it will change temp…

A

faster

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19
Q

why do some alpha particles bounce back after getting fired through gold foil

A

The nuclei makes a direct hit with the foil

20
Q

mass increases as you move down and …

A

left

21
Q

what number is below the element symbol

A

atomic number

22
Q

what number is next to/above the element symbol

A

mass number

23
Q

how do you find unpaired electrons

A

find out how many electrons needed to get to end of orbital. ex: S is in the 4th column of the p orbital so it has 2 unpaired e-. (p orbital fits 6)

24
Q

red has the _______ wavelength of the colors

A

longest

25
Q

what is the wavelength spectrum in order of longest to shortest

A

radio, micro, infrared, visible, UV, X-ray, gamma

26
Q

are filled orbitals unstable or stable?

A

stable

27
Q

what happens to electron configuration when you get to transition metals?

A

the row number decreases by 1 and you add d. ex: the configuration of Titanium is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d2

28
Q

ionization energy ____ as you go right

A

increases

29
Q

name the group names in order

A

Alkali Metals, Alkali earth metals, boron family, carbon family, nitrogen family, chalcogens, halogens, noble gases.

30
Q

what is the bonding, angle, hybridization, and shape of linear molecules?

A

2 bonding, 0 nonbonding, 180, sp, a line

31
Q

what is the bonding, angle, hybridization, and shape of trigonal planar molecules?

A

3 bonding, 0 nonbonding, 120, sp2, triangle shape on a flat plane

32
Q

what is the bonding, angle, hybridization, and shape of tetrahedral molecules?

A

4 bonding, 0 nonbonding, 109.5, sp3, a pyramid w/ central atom in the middle

33
Q

what is the bonding, angle, hybridization, and shape of trigonal pyramidal molecules?

A

3 bonding, 1 nonbonding, 107, sp3, pyramid but center atom is at the top

34
Q

what is the bonding, angle, hybridization, and shape of bent molecules?

A

2 bonding, 2 nonbonding, 104.5, sp3, triangle ish

35
Q

what are ion-dipole forces

A

when a salt dissolves in water

36
Q

what are dipole-dipole forces

A

when 2 polar molecules attract each other

37
Q

what are london dispersion forces

A

when 2 nonpolar molecules attract one another

38
Q

what happens to pressure when you increase temp

A

it increases

39
Q

what happens to temp during phase change

A

remains the same

40
Q

what is a strong electrolyte?

A

salts and strong acids dissociate/ionize

41
Q

what are weak acids?

A

molecules

42
Q

what is fusion and crystalization?

A

fusion- solid to liquid (endo)
crystalization- liquid to solid (exo)

43
Q

what is evaporation and condensation?

A

evaporation- liquid to gas (endo)
condensation- gas to liquid (exo)

44
Q

what is sublimation and deposition?

A

sublimation- solid to gas (endo)
deposition- gas to solid (exo)

45
Q

how to find average mass?

A

change percent to decimal by moving decimal two places left and then multiply by mass and add values together

46
Q

how do you find percent composition?

A

divide mass of certain element by mass of compound and multiply by 100

Hnrs chem (5 decks)

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