4A: Auditory Disorders Flashcards
Sound pressure wave
Sound is a mechanical wave that results from the back and fourth vibration of the particles of the medium through which the sound wave a moving.
frequency
low to high are associated with increases in the perceptual experience of pitch
amplitude
from small to large are associated with increases in the perceptual experiences of loudness
Audibility curve
a graph that depicts the relationship between the loudness of a pure tone, expressed in decibels, sound pressure level, and the frequency of the tone
outer ear
includes the pinna and auditory canal and ends at the tympanic membrane.
tympanic membrane
a thin membrane that separates the external ear from the middle ear whose functions is to transmit sound from the air to the ossicles inside the middle ear
middle ear
from tympanic membrane to oval window; includes the ossicles and drains out the eustachian tube to the back of the throat
ossicles
three smallest bones in the human body. Contained in the middle ear and serve to transmit and amplify sounds from the air to the fluid filled cochlea. The absence of the ossicles would cause moderate to severe hearing loss.
malleus
the malleus or hammer is a hammer shaped small bone or ossicle of the middle ear which connects with the incus and is attached to the inner surface of the eardrum
incus
the incus is a small bone or ossicle in the middle ear. It connects the malleus to the stapes.
Stapes
small bone or ossicle in the middle ear which is attached to the incus and oval window; bottom of the stapes on the oval window is called the footplate.
conductive hearing loss
mechanical hearing loss, resulting from blockage in the ear canal, a ruptured eardrum, or restriction of the movement of the tiny bones in the middle ear, which prevents sound vibrations being transferred to the cochlea.
Otosclerosis
a form of conductive hearing loss,
a condition in which there is abnormal growth of bone in the middle ear which can result in hearing loss.
Inner ear
from the oval window to auditory nerve; includes oval window, round window, cochlea, auditory nerve finers, and the semicircular canals of the vestibular system
Cochlea
the coiled and channeled main structure of the inner ear, which contains three fluid filled canals that run along its entire convoluted length; the fluid filled canals are separated by membranes, one of which is the basilar membrane, on which thousands of hair cells are arranged and stimulated by the vibration of the stapes.
Basilar membrane
within the cochlea of the inner ear is a stiff structural element that separates two liquid filled tubes that run along the coil of the cochlea, forming a base for the hair cells to transduce the sound waves in the cochlear fluid to electrochemical signals in the brain