Unit 8- Liver, Galbladder, Pancreas and Spleen 2

Question 1

Label the gallbladder and pancreas as well as the billary system that connects them.

Answer 1

Question 2

What are the common sites gallstones may lodge within Hillary system?

Answer 2

Question 3

Describe the 2 routes arterial blood can take to supply the pancreas. How does this rich blood supply reflect its function?

Answer 3

> Endocrine organ
- Produces digestive enzymes (Insulin + Glucagon)
- Rich blood supply = sufficient oxygen for high metabolic demand +
delivery of enzymes and hormones to target site + rapid removal of waste and byproducts of digestion.

Question 4

How does the the number of anatomical lobes differ from its number of functional segments? What defines each functional segment?

Answer 4

• 4 lobes
• 8 functional segments
  > Own portal pedicle containing:
  *Bile duct
  *portal vein
  *hepatic artery branch

Question 5

Where does mixing of the blood occur in the liver? Why is this mixing necessary?

Answer 5

• Hepatic sinusoids
  > Necessary for the functions of liver
  = Detoxification/metabollism/bile production/ hepatocytes to receive nutrients and oxygen from hpv+hap

Question 6

In terms of blood glucose regulation, why is it useful blood from the pancreas enters the portal system?

Answer 6

• Produces and secretes glucagon and insulin
• Through portal system these can reach liver directly
• Liver stores excess glucose and glycogen and or released glucose into the bloodstream.

Question 7

Describe 2 routes (1systemic + 1 portal) that venous blood can take to drain an area of skin near the umbilicus to return to the heart.

Answer 7

1- Upper = systemic = Paraumblical > superficial epigastric veins > superior epigastric veins > brachiocephalic vein > SVC

2- Lower= portal = Hepatic portal vein via IMA > SMV + Splenic.

Question 8

Compare the routes of drainage of superior and inferior rectal veins.

Answer 8

> Superior= Portal venous system
- IMV + Splenic > HPV

> Inferior = Systemic
- Internal pudendal > internal iliac > common iliac > IVC

Question 9

What are the steps of porto-systemic anastomosis?
- Identify the systemic and portal vein at each location.

Answer 9

Question 10

Is the pancreas intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?

Answer 10

• Retroperitoneal except for tail