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Biology (Chapter 1- Cells) > The Cell Cycle- Mitosis > Flashcards

The Cell Cycle- Mitosis Flashcards

1
Q

What is the cell cycle?

A

The “Life cycle” of cell

The main goal of the cell cycle is for the cell to divide
The parent cell divides into two daughter cells

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2
Q

Interphase

A

The preparation stage of the cell cycle

In this stage, the cell is growing and taking in nutrients
The cell spends most of its time in this phase ( 90%)
There are 3 parts to interphase
(G1), (S), (G2)

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3
Q

G1 phase

A

First growth phase (G1)

period of growth, the cell produces new proteins and new organelles

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4
Q

S phase

A

Synthesis phase (S)

The cell copies its DNA and makes key proteins

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5
Q

G2 Phase

A

Second growth phase (G2)- preparation for mitosis
Beginning of spitting in the cell

The cells produce the organelles and structures needed for cell division

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6
Q

What is the longest phase in CELL CYCLE?

A

The longest phase in the cell cycle is the interphase

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7
Q

What is the start of mitosis?

A

PROPHASE

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8
Q

Prophase

A

The splitting of the cell

The chromatin (DNA) that makes up chromosomes condenses
At this stage, each chromosome is made of 2 identical copies called sister chromosomes attached together at a centromere

The Nuclear membrane disintegrates so the chromosomes can move within the cell

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9
Q

Sister Chromatids

A

one of the two identical halves of a chromosome that has been replicated in preparation for cell division

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10
Q

Metaphase

A

The collection of chromosomes

Spindle fibres move the chromosomes toward the middle of the cell
Chromosomes align at the equator of the cell

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11
Q

Anaphase

A

Division of the cell

Spindle fibres contract and shorten to pull the sister chromatids apart at the centromere
The spindle fibres pull the chromatids to each end of the cell

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12
Q

What are poles?

A

Centrioles at either end of the cell

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13
Q

Chromatid

A

Chromatid are organized chromaTIN that forms the “X” shape with a centre called the “centromere”

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14
Q

Chromatin

A

Noodle-like strand made up of protein and DNA that form chromosomes

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15
Q

Chromosome

A

Chromatin + Chromatin =
Chromosome

Each chromosome is a long piece of coiled DNA and protiens.

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16
Q

Centromere

A

The centre of the chromosome

17
Q

What are parent cells?

A

A cell that is the source of other cells, is a cell that divides to produce two or more daughter cells

18
Q

Daughter Cells?

A

Genetically identical cells are formed when a cell undergoes division by mitosis.

19
Q

What is a gene?

A

Section of DNA arranged at specific locations on chromosomes in the nucleus of the cell

The basic code of heredity passed from parent to child

20
Q

What is mitosis

A

Cell division that involves packaging the genetic information in the nucleus into two equal portions.

21
Q

How many chromosomes do humans have?

A

46 chromosomes– 23 matching pairs of chromosomes

22
Q

M phase

A

Mitosis

During this phase, the cell’s energy must be entirely devoted to dividing the cell

23
Q

Telophase

A

The chromatids reach the poles and the cell membrane pinches inward, eventually splitting the cell into two identical daughter cells

24
Q

Cytokinesis

A

The process of splitting the CYTOPLASM to form 2 new cells

25
Q

Cytokinesis B (end)

A

The nuclei in each new cell reform and the spindle fibres disappear

26
Q

What happens after cytokinesis?

A

Each new cell is now in interphase and the cell cycle starts again

27
Q

Cytokinesis in animal cells?

A

In animal cells, the cell membrane pinches inward

28
Q

Cytokinesis in plant cells?

A

In plant cells, a new cell plate forms from the cell wall and inner cell membrane in each new cell

29
Q

Division of the cell

A

Mitosis

30
Q

Original cell

A

Parent cell

31
Q

Daughter cells

A

New cells

32
Q

Cleavage Furrow

A

Division of the cytoplasm by constricting the cell membrane in the middle.

33
Q

What is the shortest stage of interphase

A

Growth 2 (G2)

34
Q

Cells exchange materials across the cell…

A

Membrane

35
Q

Disease caused by uncontrollable cell growth?

A

Cancer

Biology (Chapter 1- Cells) (16 decks)

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