Tourism

Question 1

Define ‘tourists’.

Answer 1

Tourists are people who travel and stay away from their normal place of residence for more than 24 hours.

Question 2

Explain why tourist activities are different at different places.

Answer 2

1. Type of attractions offered.
2. Different environments : natural vs human landscape
3. Different opportunities : enjoy scenary; enjoy theme park rides etc.

Question 3

Describe the characteristics of honeypot tourism.

Answer 3

1. Found in places with scenic beauty, such as mountain regions, coastal resorts and national parks.
2. Attract large crowds.
3. Provide tourists with recreational activities.
4. Have infrastructure and facilities to meet the needs of tourists.

Question 4

Describe the characteristics of MICE tourism.

Answer 4

Take place in places with good facilities such as big event halls to host large-scale events.

Usually have supporting infrastructure and facilities such as hotels and retail to meet the needs of tourists.

Question 5

Describe the characteristics of medical tourism.

Answer 5

Presence of high quality medical facilities, which are generally more affordable.

Usually also in places with good infrastructure for the convenience of the tourists.

Question 6

Describe theme park tourism.

Answer 6

Theme parks are places with amusement park settings or have a central subject or theme.

Have activities catering to all ages.

Question 7

Describe the characteristics of heritage tourism.

Answer 7

Places which enable tourists to experience different cultures and understand the history of the place better.

Some places have unique cultures or physical / natural significance and have been labelled as UNESCO heritage sites, attracting even more tourists.

Question 8

Describe the characteristics of film-induced tourism.

Answer 8

Places which have been featured in films.

Tourists visit to understand how certain scenes were filmed and how these places inspired parts of the film.

Question 9

Describe pilgrimage tourism.

Answer 9

Places of significance to the religion.

Tourists travel there to take part in religious activities, especially during major religious holidays or events.

Question 10

Describe places of conflict.

Answer 10

Places where wars, battles, man-made tragedies and unfavourable political situations had taken place.

Question 11

Describe dark tourism.

Answer 11

Tourism to places associated with death and tragedy.

People who take part in dark tourism include survivors, relatives and friends of those affected, and people interested to know more about the event.

Include battlefields, fortifications, museums and memorials.

Question 12

Explain how governments promote tourism.

Answer 12

1. Influence the number of visitors, length of stay, authorise air landings and allow the building of tourism facilities.
2. Plan, fund and build infrastructure linked to tourism such as airports.
3. Set up agencies that devise strategies to promote tourism, and develop the tourism industry, facilitating investment by tourism-related business.

Question 13

Discuss the success and limitations of governments in promoting tourism.

Answer 13

Success: Influential because they have the money and power to create policies.

Limitation: Limited in their finances and resources as there might be other more urgent needs for the country to develop.

Question 14

Explain how the media plays a role in promoting tourism.

Answer 14

1. Positive media reports will encourage other tourists to visit a place.
2. Enabled increased awareness of tourist destinations that tourists previously might not have thought of.

Question 15

Discuss the success and limitation of the media in promoting tourism.

Answer 15

Success: Influential because many people can express their personal opinions and thus are not biased. Moreover, social media is so prominent in this time and age, making it easier to promote tourism.

Limitation: Negative reports will deter tourism rather than promoting them. The media’s influence is also limited by restrictions set by the government.

Question 16

Discuss how international organisations promote tourism.

Answer 16

International organisations include groups of people from different countries working together for a common purpose.

They prepare reports on different aspects of tourism, such as increasing tourism knowledge and tourism policies worldwide, encouraging tourism.

Question 17

Discuss the success and limitations of international organisations in promoting tourism.

Answer 17

Success: Influential as they have a global reach and are authorities in matters relating to tourism. Therefore, tourists will believe them.

Limitation: They are limited to the governments’ approval and participation.

Question 18

Describe the characteristics of ecotourism.

Answer 18

1. Minimise impact.
2. Build environmental and cultural awareness and respect
3. Raise sensitivity to host countries’ political, environmental and social climate.
4. provide positive experiences for both visitors and hosts.
5. Provides direct financial benefits for conservation.
6. Provides financial benefits and empowerment for local people.

Question 19

Explain how better and affordable transport has led to the grown of tourism.

Answer 19

Development of airplanes that can travel faster and further -> increase accessibility for tourists -> growth of tourism.

Development of budget airline -> increase affordability for tourists -> better able to travel, increasing tourism.

Question 20

Explain how e-services have led to the growth of tourism.

Answer 20

Development in technology -> development of e-services -> easier to make online bookings of tours and tickets -> increase ease of access encourage more tourists to travel -> increase tourism.

Question 21

Explain how ease of access to information have led to the growth of tourism.

Answer 21

Development in technology -> ease of access to information on the internet -> allow tourists to get whatever information they need before travelling -> ease of mind which encourages them to travel -> growth of tourism.

Development of technology -> easy access to information on social media -> increased awareness of tourists destinations -> entice tourists to visit them, leading to the growth of tourism.

Question 22

Explain how the increase in disposable income has led to the growth of tourism.

Answer 22

Increase disposable income -> better able to afford travel -> increase tourism.

Question 23

Explain how the increase in leisure time has led to the growth of tourism.

Answer 23

Increase leisure time in the form of paid leave -> people want to go out of their normal residence to explore -> increased tourism.

Question 24

Explain how changing lifestyle has led to the growth of tourism.

Answer 24

Stressful lifestyle -> people want to go out to relax and enjoy -> turn to travelling as a means of doing so -> increased tourism.

People are living longer. When they retire, they want to explore the world -> growth of tourism

Question 25

Explain how destination factors such as attractions have led to the growth of tourism.

Answer 25

Increased number of attractions in the world -> entice people to visit them -> increased tourism.

Question 26

Explain how investment in infrastructure and services by the respective countries have led to the growth of tourism.

Answer 26

Increased investment in infrastructure and services -> increase accessibility and convenience -> increase tourism.

Question 27

Explain how access to information within a country has led to the growth of tourism.

Answer 27

Increased access to information -> easy to obtain required information -> tourists feel at ease to visit the country -> increased tourism.

Question 28

Explain how disasters hider the growth of tourism.

Answer 28

Disasters cause great damage to properties, lead to injuries and cause great loss of lives -> tourists fear for their safety and thus will not travel to the place -> drop in tourism.

Disasters cause infrastructure to be destroyed -> tourists have no reason to visit the place -> drop in tourism.

Disasters discourage the citizens of the affected countries from travelling overseas as they will be occupied with rebuilding their lives or will have less income to travel -> drop in tourism.

Question 29

Explain how recessions lead to a drop in tourism.

Answer 29

Recession -> slowdown in economic activities -> loss of income or jobs -> people cut back on spending -> travel less.

Question 30

Explain how political situations lead to a drop in tourism.

Answer 30

Political situations are state of disagreements between groups of people, usually resulting in danger to tourists and locals -> tourists fear for their safety -> drop in tourism.

Question 31

Explain how diseases lead to a drop in tourism.

Answer 31

Sudden outbreak of diseases will deter tourists as they do not want to risk getting infected. Governments may also issue travel advisories for its people to avoid these places, resulting in a drop in tourism.

Question 32

Explain how tourism benefits locals by providing employment opportunities.

Answer 32

Increased tourism -> increased need for tourism related jobs -> job opportunities -> better standard of living.

Question 33

Explain how tourism benefits locals by leading to growth in income.

Answer 33

Increased tourism -> increased tourism related jobs -> people can earn more income.

Increased tourism -> need to build more tourism related infrastructure -> provide employment for people in constructing these infrastructure -> increase income.

Question 34

Explain how tourism benefits locals by leading development of infrastructure and facilities.

Answer 34

Increased tourism -> need for more tourism related infrastructure and facilities to meet the needs of the tourists -> locals benefit by the increased convenience and increased facilities for their use.

Question 35

Explain how tourism causes problems for locals through seasonal unemployment.

Answer 35

Seasonal unemployment happens when certain tourists attractions are dependent on the weather, such as ski resorts -> employees do not have a job during non-peak seasons -> loss of income.

Question 36

Explain how tourism is a disadvantage due to the under-use of facilities during certain times of the year.

Answer 36

Not all facilities are widely used for tourism throughout the year, such as ski resorts. However, they still need to be maintained -> high cost of maintenance -> less money for other uses -> affect country’s economy.

Question 37

Explain how tourism leads to a shortage of services for locals.

Answer 37

Services such as water and land is diverted to tourism -> less for locals, causing inconvenience, lack of land etc.

Question 38

Explain how tourism leads to the preservation of local customs and heritage.

Answer 38

Increased tourism at cultural site -> more revenue for preservation and restoration of cultural sites.

Increased tourism at cultural sites -> increased incentive for the government to preserve the cultural sites -> preservation of local customs and heritage.

Increased tourism -> increased awareness of the cultural and heritage -> locals are more motivated to preserve them.

Question 39

Explain how tourism can lead to the dilution of local customs and heritage.

Answer 39

Increased tourism -> older buildings that might have heritage significance may be destroyed or converted to tourist attractions -> loss of heritage buildings and local culture.

Increased tourism -> local customs modified to meet the demands and expectations of tourists -> lose significance and meaning.

Question 40

Explain how tourism can lead to increased crime.

Answer 40

Tourists usually carry valuables on them as they go around -> attract attention of pickpockets -> increased crime.

Tourists are unaware of the laws and customs in the host country -> vulnerable to tourist traps -> increased crime.

Question 41

Explain how tourism leads to the conservation of natural environments.

Answer 41

Increased tourism -> more revenue for the conservation of natural environments.

Increased tourism to natural environments -> increased incentive to conserve them.

Question 42

Explain how tourism leads to vandalism.

Answer 42

Individuals wanting to leave a mark on tourist attractions may vandalise the place -> destroy the cultural, historical or natural site.

Question 43

Explain how tourism leads to littering and pollution.

Answer 43

Large groups of tourists may produce litter such as food wrappers -> excessive littering -> degradation of the place.

Cruise ships may dump wastes into oceans and seas -> water pollution.

Question 44

Explain how tourism leads to destruction of habitats.

Answer 44

Natural habitats destroyed to build tourist attractions.

Tourist attractions dumping waste and sewage into the sea, affecting coastal environments and oceans.

Careless tourists may trample on plants or collect animal parts as souvenirs.

Question 45

Explain how tourism has led to an increase in the carbon footprint.

Answer 45

Increased travel by planes or tour buses, electricity consumption all lead to increase greenhouse gases in the atmosphere as more fossil fuels are burnt.

Question 46

Explain how tourism has led to increased congestion.

Answer 46

Tourists crowding around attractions have led to overcrowding, causing inconvenience to locals.

Question 47

Discuss the effectiveness of conserving fragile environments to manage the impact of tourism.

Answer 47

Success: Careful management and use of resources such that resources will not be depleted will ensure that tourism can continue without causing damage to the environment. Locals are also involved in tourism to minimise leakages (sustainable tourism).

Limitation: Limited resources such as money and manpower to manage the natural environments.

Question 48

Define ‘sustainable tourism’.

Answer 48

Tourism organised in a way that allows it to continue without causing damage to the environment or without leaving negative impact to the surrounding society and culture (protect environment and locals).

Question 49

Discuss the effectiveness of laws and regulations and support from local population in promoting sustainable tourism.

Answer 49

Success: Laws and regulations can minimize impact on the environment. Support form local populations will ensure that the locals are not disadvantaged.

Limitation: Difficulty in implementing laws and regulations if there is limited manpower and money.

Question 50

Discuss the effectiveness of local communities in conserving and protecting tourist areas.

Answer 50

Success: Locals are involved in the decision-making process, so they are more likely to protect the environment they live in. Increase in tourism-related employment and business for locals also motivate locals to protect the tourist areas.

Limitations: Difficulty in obtaining external funding and shortage of skilled labour limit their efforts to conserve and protect tourist areas.

Question 51

Discuss the effectiveness of visitors in conserving and protecting tourist areas.

Answer 51

Success: When tourists visit a tourist attraction, they provide funds for the conservation and preservation of the place. When tourists visit tourist areas, they are also more aware of the need to conserve and preserve the place and can advocate that.

Limitations: Tourists unknowingly damage the attractions when they litter or trample on the plants. Local culture and customs are also diluted when they are modified to meet the needs of the tourists.

Question 52

Discuss the effectiveness of tour operators in conserving and protecting tourist areas.

Answer 52

Success: They can provide feedback on tourist attractions so that better regulations can be put in place to protect them. They can also regulate tourist behaviour to minimise or prevent damaging the environment.

Limitations: Tour operators need to generate profits and may ignore the conservation and protection efforts in order to earn more.

Question 53

Discuss the effectiveness of planning authorities in conserving and protecting tourist areas.

Answer 53

Success: Planning authorities develop and maintain infrastructure and attractions. They also draft laws and policies such that the tourist areas are conserved and protected.

Limitations: It is difficult to plan for unforeseen factors. Opposing stakeholders might also limit the success of planning authorities in executing policies.

Question 54

Discuss the effectiveness of NGOs in conserving and protecting tourist areas.

Answer 54

Success: NGOs facilitate communication between various stakeholders, allowing a balance between their needs and conservation of the tourist areas. They also support various stakeholders in managing the impact of tourism, thus protecting them.

Limitations: NGOs rely on donations for funding which might be difficult to obtain. Stakeholders might not cooperate with them too.