South Wales

Question 1

History of South Wales

Answer 1

Iron production and then steel.
Other raw materials like limestone and cal
Industrial decline due to exhaustion of resources, outsourcing and lack of demand.
‘White good’ companies moved to the area in 1980s providing employment
Employment in the steal industry declined from 63 000 (1976) to 8,000 (2014)

Question 2

Overseas investment in SW

Answer 2

WDA attracted firms through incentives packages e.g. accelerated planning process, excellent transport links and competitive property and salary costs
Overseas investment has helped create enterprise zones

Question 3

WDA

Answer 3

Welsh Development Agency

Question 4

Enterprise zones

Answer 4

4.5 mil invested to the Ebbw Valley to support construction on the Work Site for the new tech and research industry
Port Talbot Waterfront is also an EZ with high levels of rail connectivity and a diverse employment opportunities

Question 5

Sustainable tech in SW examples

Answer 5

CCS in Milford Haven and Port Talbot
Off shore CO2 storage off St Brides Bay
Transport of CO2 from Bristol Bay

Question 6

Role of TNCs

Answer 6

Deloitte: 7000 jobs in Cardiff Central Quay EZ
Lloyds Bank, British Gas etc

Question 7

Businesses

Answer 7

Bristol helicopters: built a 5 mil facility for search and rescue in SW and SW England
Dragon Engineering Ltd

Question 8

Central Cardiff enterprise zone board

Answer 8

Key stakeholder

Question 9

Universities

Answer 9

4 internationally recognised unis
70 000 students
Provided skilled labour
Knowledge economy

Question 10

Local government

Answer 10

Provide 12 apprentices with Pembrokeshire college
Enterprise zone board
Cardif Council advocating for real living wage initiative

Question 11

National government

Answer 11

national plan 2040 (long term)
focuses on SW but also North and and Mid Wales so limited
aims to focus on language, sustainability and increased socioeconomic inequality
large scale, but specific focuses listede.g. New Port and Swansea

Question 12

Socio economic impacts

Answer 12

Historic low levels of unemployment but rise in 0 hour contracts
Over half of people in poverty in Wales are in work
50 000 people in 0 hour contracts
Decrease in employment in production by 16 500
Bc of outsourcing to china due to 1974 open door policy

Question 13

Demographic impacts

Answer 13

Increase in population of Cardiff by 5.1% since 2008
Increase in over 65 from 17.4% to 20.8%
Decease in under 15 from 20.6% to 17.9%

Question 14

Cultural impacts

Answer 14

69% Muslim population in Wales live in SE wales
Increase in minorities in all regions of Wales
94.8% white in Wales

Question 15

Environmental impacts

Answer 15

Dramatic decrease in CO emissions due to sector shift
Still 74% industrial CO emissions from Iron and steel

Question 16

Glen Lyn project

Answer 16

115 million pounds
Converting an old steel works into employment generating activities e.g. office accommodation, 4000 new dwellings and leisure activities.
Complete in 2026

Question 17

Tourism in SW

Answer 17

Growing business in industrial heritage e.g. national coal museum
Low paid but makes use of local skills and knowledge