UNIT 3 AOS 3 (Tobacco smoke)

Question 1

What is tobacco smoking?

Answer 1

this refers to the process of burning tobacco and inhaling the smoking that is produced.

Question 2

WHY SMOKING IS A TARGET OF HEALTH PROMOTION IN AUSTRALIA:

Answer 2

• The impact of smoking on health outcomes: smoking is targeted by health promotion because smoking has a major impact on the population and has for many years, and it also the leading cause of preventable disease. Over 70% of lung cancer rates were attributable (caused by) to tobacco use for both males and females. Tobacco use also contributes to the rates of other diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
• The impact of smoking on the economy: Smoking is also a major cost to the economy. Some of the costs are associated with reduced performance at work, due to regular smoking breaks, and increase in work absenteeism, due to issues smokers may be suffering with that prevents them from attending work. (HEALTHCARE COSTS AND WORKFORCE COSTS.)

Question 3

Impacts of smoking on health n wellbeing.

Answer 3

• Because cigarette smoking contains over 7000 toxic chemicals, inhaling this toxic smoke, has negative effects on the body and its systems, negatively impacting physical health and wellbeing.
• Nicotine is a chemical found in cigarettes that is highly addictive. So due to the high costs of cigarettes at the same time, this can impose financial stress amongst some people, increasing their risk of developing anxiety and high levels of stress from the withdrawal of cigarettes, therefore impacting their mental health and wellbeing.

Question 4

Impacts of tobacco smoking on health status.

Answer 4

• Smoking accelerates the process of atherosclerosis, which can also increase the mortality and morbidity rates associated with conditions atherosclerosis is a risk factor of, such as cardiovascular disease, particularly, heart attacks and strokes.
• Inhaling smoke can pose significant damage to people’s airways, therefore increasing the prevalence of respiratory issues, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Question 5

Define preventable illness or disease, and explain whether smoking is preventable and why.

Answer 5

Preventable illness or disease, refers to the ill health that can be avoided through vaccination and immunisation, avoiding risk factors, and engaging with protective factors.

All illness and disease associated with smoking is preventable because smoking is a deliberate choice, in which people can choose not to smoke, the same way they choose to smoke. So, all burden of disease associated with smoking can be avoided if people choose not to smoke.

Question 6

Explain the effectiveness of health promotion in improving the populations health.

Answer 6

As health initiatives have been introduced in Australia, smoking rates have decreased. This coincides with the shift from the ‘old’ to ‘new’ model of health. This shift premised to prevent negative health outcomes associated with smoking from occurring in the first place, as opposed to treating them once they have already occurred. A decrease has been seen in diseases such as COPD, lung cancer, and coronary heart disease.
THIS IS BECAUSE THERE IS A CORRELATION BETWEEN HEALTH PROMOTION AND CHANGES IN POPULATIONS ATTITUDES, KNOWLEDGE, AND BEHAVIOUR.

Question 7

List the three initiatives related to smoking.

Answer 7

• Australian laws and regulations (advertising laws, tobacco packaging laws, smoke free laws, age limits).
• Quit Victoria.
• National Tobacco Campaign.

Question 8

Describe ‘Australian laws and regulations’ as an initiative related to smoking.

Answer 8

Australian laws and regulations are the policies that have been implemented and enforced by the Australian government to reduce smoking rates and minimise its impacts on the Australian community, such as advertising laws, tobacco packaging laws, smoke free laws, and age limits.

Question 9

What are advertising laws?

Answer 9

Advertising laws fall under the Advertising Prohibition Act 1992, that bans any advertising that encourage or persuade people to smoke or use any products that contain tobacco.

Question 10

What are tobacco packaging laws?

Answer 10

The Tobacco Plain Packaging Act 2011, states that all tobacco products must be in a certain colour, and cannot display logos, brand images, or any promotional texts that persuade people to start smoking. Tobacco packages often feature large graphic health warnings.

Question 11

What are smoke free laws?

Answer 11

Smoke free laws are laws usually implemented and enforced by the state and territory governments of Australia, such as strict smoking laws in different work settings. These laws protect people from second hand smoke, encouraging people to quit smoking, whilst helping to de-normalise smoking in the community.

Question 12

What is age limits?

Answer 12

Age limit is the restriction placed on the age within which an individual is able to smoke in Australia. This means that it is illegal to sell or supply tobacco products to young people who are under the age of 18 in Australia.

Question 13

How do Australian laws and regulations improve health and wellbeing in Australia?

Answer 13

• Australian laws restrict people from smoking in a car where there is a minor inside, which is reflected by the ‘Age limits’ law so that they aren’t exposed to tobacco, which promotes their physical health and wellbeing.
• There are numerous laws and restrictions surrounding where people are allowed to smoke in Australia, such as the restrictions on public transport, which promotes the mental health and wellbeing of those who do not approve of smoking.

Question 14

How do Australian laws and regulations improve health status in Australia?

Answer 14

• tobacco plain packaging laws have resulted in the implementation of cigarette packaging that often features large, graphic health warnings, thus reducing the risk of smoking-related illnesses such as lung cancer, because it discourages people from engaging in the use of tobacco smoke, which in turn reduces morbidity rates in Australia, associated with the conditions tobacco smoke is a risk factor of.
• Australian laws outline that it is illegal to sell or supply tobacco products to young people under the age of 18. This means that young people are less likely to start smoking, which reduces the burden of disease associated with smoking for young people, such asthma, now and in the future.

Question 15

Describe ‘Quit Victoria’ as an initiative related to smoking.

Answer 15

Quit Victoria is primarily funded by VicHealth and the department of Health and Human services Victoria (Australian government). Quit has a vision of ‘tobacco free Victoria’, which aim to achieve this by discouraging people from starting to smoke, and encouraging current smokers to stay quit, through the implementation of evidence-based policies and programs.

Question 16

What are the action areas Quit takes to reduce smoking in Vic?

Answer 16

Quitline, Quit tips hub, Quit coach, and Quit education online training.

Question 17

What is Quitline?

Answer 17

Quitline is a free telephone service, where individuals can speak with a trained ‘quit specialist’, who can help people through answering questions and providing advice and support as they try quit smoking.

Question 18

What is Quit coach?

Answer 18

Quit coach is a free online service that provides individuals with a personalised plan for quitting smoking. Quit Coach helps individuals with a range of challenges associated with quitting smoking through answering questions and offering advice on how to quit smoking.

Question 19

What is Quit Tips Hub?

Answer 19

This is a Quit website, which includes useful tips, information and educational facts on quitting smoking and staying ‘quit’ all in one place. Has a range of health promotion information, supporting people in their journey to quitting smoking.

Question 20

What is Quit Education Online Training?

Answer 20

Quit education online training provides a range of online training for health professionals, providing them with the knowledge and skills required to help patients quit smoking.

Question 21

How does Quit Victoria improve health and wellbeing in Australia?

Answer 21

• Quitline is a free support service that allows individuals across Australia to access support and advice from a trained quit specialist. It promotes the mental health and wellbeing of Australians, by supporting them to quit smoking, thus reducing the stress and anxiety associated with the lack of support service to help them quit.
• Quitline is an online platform where people can share their stories and journey with others who are trying to quit smoking. This helps create a supportive community for people who are trying to quit smoking, where they can experience a sense of belonging, thus promoting spiritual health and wellbeing.

Question 22

How does Quit Victoria improve health status in Australia?

Answer 22

• Quit Victoria is a free, accessible platform, that includes many useful tips about smoking, which helps reduce the incidence of smoking related-illnesses, such as lung cancer in Australia.
• Quit provides free online training to health professionals, providing them with the knowledge and skills required to help their patients quitting smoking, which helps to reduce the number of people suffering ill-health related to smoking, thus increasing life expectancy.

Question 23

What is National Tobacco Campaign?

Answer 23

National Tobacco Campaign is a government initiative that was first launched in 1997, which aims to reduce smoking rates in Victoria, by changing the behaviour and attitudes of smokers through advertisements, and different language resources they provide for a diverse range of people.

Question 24

Why was NTC launched?

Answer 24

• Tobacco is the leading cause of preventable death and illness in Australia.
• Tobacco kills thousands of Australians annually.
• And it leads to health, social, and economic costs in the community.

Question 25

Who does NTC work with?

Answer 25

NTC works with SANE Australia to create resources that help people with a mental illness to quit smoking. NTC also works with the World Health Organisation, as they have a health framework convention on tobacco control.

Question 26

How does NTC promote health and wellbeing?

Answer 26

• The NTC works with SANE Australia to create resources to help people with a mental illness to quit smoking. This promotes mental health and wellbeing as these resources would help reduce the stress and anxiety associated with smoking, and tailored in a way that best helps people who are suffering from their specific mental illness.
• The NTC produces anti-smoking TV and social media advertisements, that educate people about the dangers of smoking, making them less likely to smoke. This promotes the functioning of the body and its systems, thus improving physical health and wellbeing.

Question 27

How does NTC promote health status?

Answer 27

• The NTC provides resource kits for prisoners, to help them quit smoking. In turn, the prevalence of smoking-related illnesses, such as asthma, among Australian prisoners will likely decrease.
• The NTC runs specific programs for vulnerable population groups, including the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, which can decrease the smoking rates among them, thus reducing mortality rates.