biodiversity

Question 1

what is biodiversity

Answer 1

the variety of living organisms in an area

Question 2

what is species diversity

Answer 2

the number of different species and the abundance of each species in an area

Question 3

what are 3 types of non ransom sampling

Answer 3

systematic- samples taken at fixed intervals

opportunistic- samples are chosen by investigators

stratified- different areas in a habitat are identified and are sample separately in proportion to their part of the habitat as a whole

Question 4

what is species richness

Answer 4

the number of different species in an area

Question 5

what is species evenness

Answer 5

relative abundance of each species in an area

Question 6

how is diversity measured

Answer 6

simpson a index

Question 7

what is genetic diversity

Answer 7

the variation of alleles within a species

Question 8

what is used to measure genetic diversity

Answer 8

proportion of polymorphic gene loci= number of polymorphic gene loci divided by total number of loci

Question 9

what are 3 factor that affect global biodiversity

Answer 9

human population growth
increases use of monoculture in agriculture
climate change

Question 10

why does human pop affect diversity

Answer 10

habitat loss due to human development

over exploitation as greater demand for resources and food

urbanisation which isolate species

pollution which can kill species or destroy habitats

Question 11

what are the ecological reasons for maintains biodiversity

Answer 11

to protect keystone species and affecting food chains

to maintain genetic resources as they provide us with food and drink and clothes and drugs and fuels

Question 12

what are the economic reasons for conserving biodiversity

Answer 12

to reduce soil depletion
continuous monoculture causes soil depletion as it uses the same nutrients every time and they are slowly used up meaning increased spending if fertilisers and decrease yield in long run

Question 13

aesthetic reasons to maintain biodiversity

Answer 13

attractive landscapes that ppl enjoy
and more diversity means more visitors the area can attract

Question 14

what is in situ conservation

Answer 14

keeps species in their natural habitats

Question 15

what can in situ conservation consist of

Answer 15

establishing protected areas such as national parks and wildlife reserves

controlling new species that can threaten the old species

preventing urban and industrial development

protecting the habitat

promoting habitats and giving legal protections

Question 16

what is ex situ conservation

Answer 16

reliving species from the natural habitats and placing them in secure locations

Question 17

what does ex situ conservation consist of

Answer 17

relocating to a safer area
breeding organisms in captivity and reintroducing them to the wild

botanic gardens and seed banks

Question 18

what are 2 examples of international cooperation for species conservation

Answer 18

Rio convention

CITES agreement

Question 19

what is an example of local conservation agreements

Answer 19

the countryside stewardship scheme (CSS)

Question 20

what causes reduction in genetic diversity

Answer 20

captive breeding in zoos

genetic bottleneck- only small number of a population survive an event which reduces gene pool

founders effect- small number of individuals from a population colonise a new isolated area