The extent and reasons for social change under the Tsars

Question 1

When was the first official census

Answer 1

1897

Question 2

What was the Russian population in 1858

Answer 2

-74 million
-6% in towns

Question 3

What was the russian population in 1913

Answer 3

-166 million
-18% in towns

Question 4

When was the biggest spurt in population growth

Answer 4

-1870 to 1914
-Caused by an increase in birth rates due to industrialisation leading to more regular employment thus higher incomes
-Lower death rates due to relative peace

Question 5

Who made up the russian upper class

Answer 5

-The Nobility making up 2% of the population

Question 6

Who made up the Russian middle class

Answer 6

Following a 1897 census:
-Christian priests
-Non noble bureaucrats
-“Honoured citizens”
-Merchants
-Petty commercial classes

Question 7

Who made up the lower classes of Russia

Answer 7

-Amouted to 80% of the population being peasants
-Peasants in rural areas
-Peasants in towns
-Cossacks
-Settlers
-foreigners

Question 8

How did the Russian social class change over the period

Answer 8

-Rising middle class numbering 2 million 1914 threatened the nobility
-Decline of the nobility selling off their land falling from the mid 1870s from 200 million acres to 140 million acres

Question 9

How many primary schools were there in 1880 compared to 1914

Answer 9

-1880: 23,000
-1914: 81,000