Germany - Ethnic Minorities

Question 1

Which Articles protected ethnic minorities in Weimar?

Answer 1

Article 109 - equality before the law
Article 113 - cant be discriminated against (they still were)

Question 2

How were there attempts to get minorities in education in Weimar?

Answer 2

In 1926 in Bavaria attempted to get gypsies into school

Question 3

How were Jewish children seen in education?

Answer 3

They were well assimilated in society and education

Question 4

Why were gypsies targeted?

Answer 4

• Didn’t contribute economically
• Didn’t work or pay tax

Question 5

What were local laws against gypsies?

Answer 5

In 1926 in Bavaria tried to compel adults to work and their children attend school

Question 6

How were black people treated in Weimar?

Answer 6

Black people from former German colonies had no right to vote or right to state welfare in economic downturns

Question 7

Which group were blamed for economic downturns in Weimar?

Answer 7

Jews

Question 8

What were Jews often excluded from?

Answer 8

Judiciary

Question 9

What percent of senior bankers were Jews?

Answer 9

1%

Question 10

How were Jews discriminated against during the Great Depression?

Answer 10

Jews were more likely to lose their jobs and less likely to be recruited

Question 11

What percent of German Jews in Weimar had professional jobs?

Answer 11

75%

Question 12

What opportunities were there for blacks in Weimar?

Answer 12

Black musicians, singers and dancers in jazz clubs were needed and the chance to earn way more than in the US

Question 13

What did the far right think about Jews?

Answer 13

That they weakened the strength of the Aryan race

Question 14

What was the ‘Black Horror’ campaign?

Answer 14

French colonial troops being a threat to German women

Question 15

Why were Germans hostile to Polish people?

Answer 15

Poles had fought against Germany in the war

Question 16

How were blacks treated in Weimar?

Answer 16

Often Germans were more curious than hostile

Question 17

What did nationalists campaign about in Weimar?

Answer 17

• Introduction of racial policies to solve Jewish question
• Against jazz performed by blacks

Question 18

What’s the summary of minorities in Weimar?

Answer 18

• Constitution promised equality
• Society still fundamentally racist
• Believer Germans were racially superior

Question 19

What did the Nazis pursue?

Answer 19

Radical nationalist agenda

Question 20

What were the Nuremberg Laws?

Answer 20

They deprived Jews of citizenship and banned them from marrying ‘Aryan’ Germans

Question 21

What was Kristallnacht (Nov 1938)

Answer 21

Destruction of Jewish property, 30,000 Jewish men arrested

Question 22

What did the SS encourage?

Answer 22

Mass emigration

Question 23

How were gypsies also persecuted by the Nazis?

Answer 23

• Gypsies considered alien blood
• Ghetto camps setup in 1936
• 500,000 murdered as part of Final Solution
  5,000-3000 survived

Question 24

What did the Nazis do to black people?

Answer 24

Forced sterilisation so they couldn’t reproduce

Question 25

What did Aryanisation do?

Answer 25

Excluded Jews from economy, Jews lost property and their businesses in 1937

Question 26

When were Jews excluded from the civil service?

Answer 26

1933

Question 27

How successful was the boycott of Jewish shops?

Answer 27

Only lasted one day and most ignored it

Question 28

What was the reaction to Kristallnacht?

Answer 28

Most were horrified

Question 29

How did everyday Germans contribute to anti-Semitism?

Answer 29

Remained passive and just let it happen

Question 30

How did public pressure change Nazi action?

Answer 30

Gypsies were moved out of camp with typhus outbreak

Question 31

What did Basic Law say about minorities?

Answer 31

Article 3 stated they couldn’t be discriminated against

Question 32

What did Basic Law say about citizenship?

Answer 32

Dependent on German blood rather than residence

Question 33

How had migrant workers differed in Nazis to FRG?

Answer 33

Were slaves in Nazi Germany but in FRG treaties were signed for guest workers

Question 34

By 1986 what % of FRG population was Turkish?

Answer 34

2%

Question 35

Why were foreign workers in such high demand?

Answer 35

Berlin wall being built in 1961

Question 36

Why were there more tolerant attitudes towards guest workers?

Answer 36

Due to hardship under Nazi regime

Question 37

What was setup in 1952 for Jews?

Answer 37

Compensation for Holocaust survivors

Question 38

What were guest workers accused of?

Answer 38

Taking jobs from ethnic Germans

Question 39

What was offered to guest workers after 1973 oil crisis?

Answer 39

Financial incentives to go home

Question 40

What were often jobs for minorities?

Answer 40

Low-paid manual labour

Question 41

Why did children of guest workers struggle?

Answer 41

70% failed to get Abitur and more than 50% of teenagers were unemployed. In 1977 children of guest workers were banned from employment

Question 42

How did a stable economy help minorities?

Answer 42

Low criticism

Question 43

How did racist attitudes impact minorities in the FRG?

Answer 43

Blamed for taking jobs and damaging German culture

Question 44

in 1979 and 1980 how many bombings of minority accommodation were there?

Answer 44

6

Question 45

Why were Muslims criticised?

Answer 45

Due to the conflict with Germany’s Christian, Liberal belief

Question 46

What was done to a Synagogue in 19(8?

Answer 46

Covered with swastikas, took 2 weeks for Adenauer to denounce the act

Question 47

Conclusion of minorities in the FRG?

Answer 47

• Temporary stay was emphasised
• Scapegoating with economic downturn after 1973 oil crisis
• Language and religious barriers still around
• Made significant contribution to FRG economy