celulele din creier 2

Question 1

What are the 2 types of receptors?

Answer 1

Ionotropic
Metabotropic

Question 2

What is the role of acetylcholine?

Answer 2

The depolarise the receptive membrane turning it from negative to positive - excitatory pstsynaptic potential

Question 3

Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials

Answer 3

Some neurotransmitters cause the postsynaptic membrane to hyperpolarise so that the inside becomes even more negative compared to the outside

GABA causes negatively charged chloride ions to enter postsynaptic neurones

Question 4

Axon

Answer 4

All or none law (threshold)
Refractory period
Myelin can be present
Carry information from the soma

Active conduction
-no Inhibitory or Excitatory potentials
-no graded
-no degradation

Grey and white matter

Question 5

Dendrite

Answer 5

Graded potential (no threshold)
No refractory period
No myelin
Carry information up to the axon hillock

Passive conduction
- Inhibitory or Excitatory potentials
- Graded
- Degradation

Grey matter

Question 6

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

Answer 6

Found naturally in some venoms and poisons
Used to treat some conditions

Question 7

What is acetylcholine?

Answer 7

Excitatory neurotrasmitter that triggers muscle contraction and stimulates the excretion of certain hormones
In the CNS it is involved in wakefulness, attentiveness, anger, aggression, sexuality and thirst
Alzheimer’s disease is associated with reduced acetylcholine in certain regions of the brain

Question 8

What is dopamine?

Answer 8

A neurotransmitter involved in
controlling movement, posture and a range of higher-order cognitive functions.

It modulates mood and plays a
central role in positive reinforcement and dependency.

The loss of dopamine in certain
parts of the brain causes the muscle rigidity typical of Parkinson’s disease.

Question 9

What is GABA?

Answer 9

Inhibitory neurotrasmitter widely distributed in the neurones of the cortex
Contributes to motor control, vision, and many
other cortical functions.
It plays an important role in regulating anxiety.
Some drugs that increase the level of GABA in
the brain are used to treat epilepsy and to
calm the trembling of people suffering from
Huntington’s disease

Question 10

What is glutamate?

Answer 10

• Associated with learning, memory, visual awareness
• Crucial in Basal ganglia functioning
  (modulation of motor activity)
• Plays an important role in seizure activity.

Question 11

What is serotonin?

Answer 11

• Contributes to various functions, such as regulating body
  temperature, sleep, mood, appetite, and pain.
• Depression, impulsive behaviour and general aggressiveness all
  appear to involve imbalances in
  serotonin.