Yr 2 Rogo Qs Flashcards
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a restrictive lung disease.
Which of these pulmonary function tests is a defining feature of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?
Increased forced expiratory volume in 1 sec
Increased forced vital capacity
Increased total lung capacity
Reduced forced expiratory volume in 1 sec
Reduced total lung capacity
- Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a restrictive lung disease.
Which of these pulmonary function tests is a defining feature of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?
Increased forced expiratory volume in 1 sec
Increased forced vital capacity
Increased total lung capacity
Reduced forced expiratory volume in 1 sec
Reduced total lung capacity
Lindsay, an 80-year-old male, presents to his GP with atrial fibrillation and shortness of breath. He has pulmonary oedema.
Which radiological sign is seen when interlobular septa in the pulmonary interstitium become prominent?
Batwing sign
Blunted costophrenic angle
Bullae
Crescent sign
Kerley B lines
Lindsay, an 80-year-old male, presents to his GP with atrial fibrillation and shortness of breath. He has pulmonary oedema.
Which radiological sign is seen when interlobular septa in the pulmonary interstitium become prominent?
Batwing sign
Blunted costophrenic angle
Bullae
Crescent sign
Kerley B lines
Kerley B lines arise from the thickening of which structure in the lungs? [1]
Interlobular septa
What does the measurement labelled A represent?
Forced expiratory volume in 1 sec
Forced vital capacity
Inspiratory reserve capacity
Tidal volume
Total lung capacity
Forced vital capacity
absence of breath sounds
This is a photomicrograph from a heart of a patient who suffered a fatal myocardial infarction. Normal cardiac muscle is shown on the right hand side of the image.
What does the left half of the photo show?
Early myocardial infarct (day 3-7)
Late myocardial infarct (day 15-21)
Late myocardial infarct with fibrosis (over 21 days)
Reperfusion injury to myocardium
Very early myocardial infarct with eosinophilia (day 0-1)
This is a photomicrograph from a heart of a patient who suffered a fatal myocardial infarction. Normal cardiac muscle is shown on the right hand side of the image.
What does the left half of the photo show?
Early myocardial infarct (day 3-7)
Late myocardial infarct (day 15-21)
Late myocardial infarct with fibrosis (over 21 days)
Reperfusion injury to myocardium
Very early myocardial infarct with eosinophilia (day 0-1)
A 60-year old male has dysphagia following a cerebrovascular accident and has been losing weight.
Which feeding option would be the most appropriate way to meet his nutritional requirements?
Frequent meals and high protein snacks
Jejunostomy feeding
Nasogastric tube feeding
Oral Nutritional Supplements
Parenteral Nutrition
A 60-year old male has dysphagia following a cerebrovascular accident and has been losing weight.
Which feeding option would be the most appropriate way to meet his nutritional requirements?
Frequent meals and high protein snacks
Jejunostomy feeding
Nasogastric tube feeding
Oral Nutritional Supplements
Parenteral Nutrition
.
A 70-year old woman was transferred from a nursing home to hospital due to reported deterioration in her general condition. Staff from the nursing home inform you that she has eaten very little food in the past 2 weeks. On the ward she is given oral nutritional supplements in addition to small meals, but the next day she develops arrythmias.
What is the most likely cause?
Hyperkalemia
Hypermagnesemia
Hyperphosphatemia
Hypokalemia
Hyponatremia
- A 70-year old woman was transferred from a nursing home to hospital due to reported deterioration in her general condition. Staff from the nursing home inform you that she has eaten very little food in the past 2 weeks. On the ward she is given oral nutritional supplements in addition to small meals, but the next day she develops arrythmias.
What is the most likely cause?
Hyperkalemia
Hypermagnesemia
Hyperphosphatemia
Hypokalemia
Hyponatremia
Patients with a history of abusing alcohol should be given vitamin B1 on admission to hospital as part of their treatment.
What molecule is formed in greater quantities when there is a severe deficiency of vitamin B1?
lactate, lactate acid, lactic acid
In the image below, an area of the tongue, is labelled X. Which cranial nerve provides general sensation to the labelled region?
cn v3, cn v3 lingual nerve, cn5 v3, cnv3, cranial nerve v3, lingual, lingual branch of mandibular, lingual branch of mandibular nerve cn v3, lingual branch of rigeminal nerve, lingual branch of the mandibular, lingual branch of the trigeminal v3, lingual branch of trigeminal, lingual branch of trigeminal nerve, lingual branch of v3, lingual branch of v3 (cnv), lingual nerve, lingual nerve (trigeminal , mandibular)
Left gastric and azygos veins
Left renal vein
Left renal artery
Right renal vein
Right renal artery
Hepatic portal vein
Left renal vein
Left renal artery
Right renal vein
Right renal artery
Hepatic portal vein
Acute proliferative glomerulopathy
Diabetic glomerulopathy
Membranous glomerulopathy
Minimal change glomerulopathy
None; no abnormality is evident
Acute proliferative glomerulopathy
Diabetic glomerulopathy
Membranous glomerulopathy
Minimal change glomerulopathy
None; no abnormality is evident
The following photomicrograph is a cross section through a dorsal root ganglion (DRG). Identify the highlighted structures in green.
Axons
Satellite cells
Neuronal cell bodies
Schwann cells
White matter
The following photomicrograph is a cross section through a dorsal root ganglion (DRG). Identify the highlighted structures in green.
Axons
Satellite cells
Neuronal cell bodies
Schwann cells
White matter
You are examining a patient’s reflexes. When you roll his legs from side to side and you notice that there is spasticity in the ankle, and when you gently roll each ankle then briskly dorsiflex the foot, there are beats of clonus.
What could the cause of this be?
contralateral upper motor neurone lesion, corticospinal injury, corticospinal lesion, corticospinal tract damage, corticospinal tract lesion, pyramidal tract lesion, pyramidal tract syndrome, umn damage, umn injury, umn lesion, umn lesions, uppe moto neuron lesion, upper motar lesion, upper moter lesion, upper motor lesion, upper motor lesions, upper motor nerve lesion, upper motor neuron damage, upper motor neuron disease, upper motor neuron legion, upper motor neuron leison, upper motor neuron lesion, upper motor neuron lesions, upper motor neurone, upper motor neurone damage, upper motor neurone defect, upper motor neurone disease, upper motor neurone injury, upper motor neurone lesion, upper motor neurone neurone lesion, upper motor neurone syndrome, upper nerve lesion)
A 23-year-old female suffers from heavy periods that are often associated with chronic pelvic pain.
Her GP refers her for a transvaginal ultrasound. This shows tissue similar to the lining of the uterus over the patients’ ovary and also in and around the rectum.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
Endometriosis
Polycystic ovary suyndrome
Ectopic pregnancy
Chlamydia infection
Ovarian cancer
A 23-year-old female suffers from heavy periods that are often associated with chronic pelvic pain.
Her GP refers her for a transvaginal ultrasound. This shows tissue similar to the lining of the uterus over the patients’ ovary and also in and around the rectum.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
Endometriosis
Polycystic ovary suyndrome
Ectopic pregnancy
Chlamydia infection
Ovarian cancer
This is a photomicrograph of an ovarian tumour. What type of tumour is it?
Serous adenocarcinoma
Sex cord-stromal tumour
Dysgerminoma
Teratoma
Mucinous adenocarcinoma
This is a photomicrograph of an ovarian tumour. What type of tumour is it?
Serous adenocarcinoma
Sex cord-stromal tumour
Dysgerminoma
Teratoma
Mucinous adenocarcinoma
This cytology preparation is of a breast aspirate obtained from a lump in a woman’s breast.
What do the features suggest?
Fibroadenoma
Leiomyosarcoma
Leiomyoma
Fibrosarcoma
Adenocarcinoma
This cytology preparation is of a breast aspirate obtained from a lump in a woman’s breast.
What do the features suggest?
Fibroadenoma
Leiomyosarcoma
Leiomyoma
Fibrosarcoma
Adenocarcinoma
A 25-year old man has a common peroneal nerve palsy after a road traffic accident. He has problems walking and often stumbles and trips.
Which muscle and tendon could be transferred to help this individual walk better?
Tibialis posterior
Tibialis anterior
Gastrocnemius
Fibularis longus
Flexor hallucis longus
A 25-year old man has a common peroneal nerve palsy after a road traffic accident. He has problems walking and often stumbles and trips.
Which muscle and tendon could be transferred to help this individual walk better?
Tibialis posterior
Tibialis anterior
Gastrocnemius
Fibularis longus
Flexor hallucis longus
A patient complains of numbness and weakness in both of their thumbs. They have been asked to make a fist and this is the result shown below
Which nerve has been damaged and in what location?
Median nerve in the carpal tunnel
Median nerve, anterior, supracondylar region of the humerus
Ulnar nerve, posterior to medial epicondyle
Ulnar nerve, Guyon’s canal
Ulnar and median nerve, at the medial cord
A patient complains of numbness and weakness in both of their thumbs. They have been asked to make a fist and this is the result shown below
Which nerve has been damaged and in what location?
Median nerve in the carpal tunnel
Median nerve, anterior, supracondylar region of the humerus
Ulnar nerve, posterior to medial epicondyle
Ulnar nerve, Guyon’s canal
Ulnar and median nerve, at the medial cord
A patient complains of increasing pain and instability in their left knee. Their radiograph is shown below.
Based on this information, what is the most likely cause?
(lack of cartilage, loss of articular cartilage, loss of cartilage, loss of hyaline cartilage, no cartilage, oa, ostearthritis, osteo arthritis, osteoartheitis, osteoartheritis, osteoarthiritis, osteoarthritis, osteophyte due to osteoarthritis, osteroarthritis, wearing of cartilage, wearing out of cartilage)
A 23-year-old male was involved in a motor vehicle accident and was admitted to hospital complaining of right leg paresis and bladder-bowel disorder. They had a computed tomography (CT) scan that is shown below.
(axial burst, axial burst fracture, burst, burst fracture)
2/granulation, 2nd, 2nd stage, 2nd stage: procallous and soft callous formation, callus, cartiladge, cartilage, cartilage calcification,
A 25-year-old woman is having a follow up examination of her right knee after recovering from a knee injury.
What knee structure is being tested in this image?
Anterior cruciate ligament
Lateral collateral ligament
Medial collateral ligament
Patella ligament
Posterior cruciate ligament
Anterior cruciate ligament
A 34-year-old man (shown below) was out walking his dog when he experienced severe difficulty walking. It has been established that sensation across his lower limb is normal and he has been asked to point the toes of both feet.
achiles tendon left side
A: Fallopian tube
B: ovarian ligament
C: Rectouterine pouch
3rd ventricle
4th ventricle
Cerebral aqueduct
Interventricular foramen
Lateral ventricle
3rd ventricle
4th ventricle
Cerebral aqueduct
Interventricular foramen
Lateral ventricle
A patient has contrast inserted into their vertebral arteries. Their angiogram is shown below.
Identify the artery indicated by the arrow
Anterior cerebral artery
Middle cerebral artery
Posterior cerebral artery
Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
Superior cerebellar artery
A patient has contrast inserted into their vertebral arteries. Their angiogram is shown below.
Identify the artery indicated by the arrow
Anterior cerebral artery
Middle cerebral artery
Posterior cerebral artery
Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
Superior cerebellar artery
Label A
Claustrum is a thin, bilateral collection of neurons and supporting glial cells, that connects to cortical (e.g., the pre-frontal cortex) and subcortical regions (e.g., the thalamus) of the brain.
Below is a prosection showing the pleura of the lungs.
What is the nerve supply to the region of pleura indicated by the arrow?
General visceral afferents
Intercostal nerves
Vagus nerve
Phrenic nerve
Long thoracic nerve
Below is a prosection showing the pleura of the lungs.
What is the nerve supply to the region of pleura indicated by the arrow?
General visceral afferents
Intercostal nerves
Vagus nerve
Phrenic nerve
Long thoracic nerve
A patient has a pulmonary embolism.
In which of the labelled structures would the embolus enter the lungs through?
A
B
C
D
E
A patient has a pulmonary embolism.
In which of the labelled structures would the embolus enter the lungs through?
A
B
C
D
E
This image depicts
Elliptocytosis
Presence of schistocytes
Presence of sickle cells
Pyropoikilocytosis
Spherocytosis
Pyropoikilocytosis:
Hereditary pyropoikilocytosis (HPP) is an autosomal recessive disorder of the red blood cell (RBC) membrane that is clinically related to, and is considered a subtype of, hereditary elliptocytosis (HE). HPP involves a functional defect in spectrin, which is the major cytoskeletal protein of the RBC cell membrane. It manifests as a severe hemolytic anemia with thermal instability of the red blood cells
This image depicts
Elliptocytosis
Presence of schistocytes
Presence of sickle cells
Pyropoikilocytosis
Spherocytosis
This image depicts
Elliptocytosis
Presence of schistocytes
suggests red blood cell injury from damaged endothelium and is a characteristic feature of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia.
Presence of sickle cells
Pyropoikilocytosis
Spherocytosis
