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mbchb221 digestive > Microanatomy > Flashcards

Microanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Myenteric Nerve Plexus Location

A

Between inner circ and outer long sm muscle

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2
Q

Submucosal nerve plexus location

A

Submucosa = controls the Muscularis mucosae

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3
Q

Mucosa Layers

A

Epithelium
Lamina Propria
Muscularis Mucosae

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4
Q

Epithelium role mucosa

A

Strat squamous = protection (sacrificial)
Columnar = Secretion / absorption

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5
Q

Serosa vs Adventitia

A

Serosa = direct contact with body cavity = has outer mesothelial layer for serous fluid production

Adventitia = not direct with body cavity (retroperitoneal)

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6
Q

Ascites

A

Fluid accumulation in abdominal cavity

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7
Q

Peritonitis

A

Inflammation of peritoneum means abnormal function

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8
Q

Parotid Gland Secretions

A

Serous Only

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9
Q

Submandibular Gland Secretions

A

Mixed (Mucous and serous)

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10
Q

Sublingual Gland Secretions

A

Mixed but mostly mucous

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11
Q

Myoepithelial Cell

A

Contractile epithelial cell that squeezes out secretions from a duct

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12
Q

Serous Secretions Contents

A

Zymogen granules (enzymes)
- Amylase = digestive

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13
Q

Serous Acinus Staining

A

Dark due to zymogen granules

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14
Q

Mucous Acinus Staining

A

Light as mucous granules

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15
Q

Serous Demilune

A

Acinus that secretes both mucous and serous

Moon of serous cells around a mostly mucous acini

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16
Q

Striated Duct synonym

A

Intralobular

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17
Q

Striated Duct key feature

A

High mitochondria for active transport of HCO3- to buffer saliva

18
Q

Duct pathway salivary glands

A

Intralobular duct
Interlobular duct (in CT septa)
Parotid/sublingual/submandibular duct

19
Q

Saliva Anti-bacterial Components

A

Lysozyme
Lactoferrin
Immunoglobulin A

20
Q

Muscularis Mucosae of upper oesophagus developed?

A

No

21
Q

UOS and LOS muscle thickness

A

Standard (ie physiological sphinchter not anatomical)

22
Q

Oesophageal Varices

A

Blood vessels very dilated = haemorrhage

23
Q

Enteroendocrine Cells of stomach

A

G - Gastrin
ECL - Histamine
D - Somatostatin

24
Q

Chief Cell Secretion

A

Pepsinogen

25
Q

Plicae Location

A

Small Inestien

26
Q

Lacteal

A

Lymphatics that go into the villi and get ‘milked’ by smooth muscle

27
Q

Intestinal Enterocytes

A

Absorb small molecules from digestion

28
Q

Enterokinase location

A

Embedded enzyme of small intestinal enterocytes

29
Q

Enterokinase function

A

Phosphorylates and activates other enzymes

30
Q

Glycosidases location

A

Embedded small int enterocytes

31
Q

Glycocalyx function

A

Biofilm that increases/decreases absorption of molecules that we want / don’t want to absorb

32
Q

Paneth Cell function

A

Immune

33
Q

Paneth Cell immune mechanisms

A

TNF-alpha (inflammatory)
Lysozyme (anti-bacterial)
Defensins (membrane permeability)

34
Q

Enteroendocrine small int response to fatty acids and amino acids

A

Secrete CCK (—> release bile from gallbladder
—> inhibit stomach

35
Q

Enteroendocrine small int response to HCl / acidity change

A

Release secretin -> HCO3- -> buffer + inhibit stomach

36
Q

Serotonin effect

A

Increased gut motility

37
Q

What releases serotonin and somatostatin

A

Small int Enteroendocrine

38
Q

Duodenum identifying feature

A

Brunner’s Glands (bicarbonate mucous)

39
Q

Ileum identifying feature

A

Peyer’s Patches (high immune cell)

40
Q

Large intestine mucosa differences to small int

A
  • More goblet (more mucous for lube as stool dehydrates)
  • No Plicae / villi / Microvilli
41
Q

Large intestine lamina propria

A

Numerous lymphatic nodes

42
Q

Muscularis Externa large intestine

A

Teniae coli allows independent contraction of parts of the colon + pulls the tube into sac-like haustra coli

mbchb221 digestive (9 decks)

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