1.3.5 - Protein synthesis

Question 1

What happens first in transcription?

Answer 1

Complementary strands separate as the result of hydrogen bonds being broken by DNA helicase

Question 2

What happens in transcription after bases are exposed?

Answer 2

Free RNA nucleotides join to their complementary bases by hydrogen bonds

Question 3

What does RNA polymerase do?

Answer 3

Moves along the DNA adding a complementary base to DNA strand

Question 4

Describe the process of translation.

Answer 4

mRNA attaches to ribosome.
tRNA is attached to a specific amino acid.
tRNA anticodon binds to mRNA codon.
Peptide bonds form between amino acids.
Process involves stop/start codons.

Question 5

What is meant by a template strand?

Answer 5

A strand that RNA nucleotides attach to.

Question 6

Describe three differences between the processes of replication and transcription of DNA.

Answer 6

DNA replication uses DNA nucleotides, transcription uses RNA nucleotides.
Transcription uses RNA polymerase, DNA replication uses DNA replication.
In transcription, a single strand of mRNA is formed whereas a double helix strand of DNA is formed in DNA replication.