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Mathematics: Formulas & Terms > 1. Fundamental Math Terms > Flashcards

1. Fundamental Math Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Absolute Value

A
  1. The distance a number is from 0 on the number line
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2
Q

Algebraic Expression

A
  1. A combination of mathematical symbols that might include numbers, variables, and operation symbols
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3
Q

Bisection Method

A
  1. A way of approximating square roots by finding the perfect square larger than the number, then the perfect square smaller than the number, and finally finding the term in the middle of that number to come close to finding the actual square root
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4
Q

Borrow

A
  1. When subtracting numbers, if the number in the top position of a column is smaller than the number below (the one being subtracted), you subtract 1 from the number to the left of the top number, and add 10 to the number from which you are currently subtracting. Because the number to the left has a place value that is 10 times the number to the right, you are “borrowing” 10 from that number.
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5
Q

Canceling

A
  1. Taking a common factor out of the numerator of 1 fraction and the denominator of the same fraction or another fraction. This can only be done in multiplication and division - never in addition and subtraction
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6
Q

Carry

A
  1. When adding numbers, if the answer in a column is more than 1 digit in size, then the digit in the tens place of the answer is “carried” to the column to the left to be added.
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7
Q

Cartesian Plane

A
  1. Also called the Cartesian coordinate system, it is another name for the xy-plane.
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8
Q

Center of the Circle

A
  1. A point that is not actually part of the circle, but is in the middle of the circle, and each point on the circle is the same distance away from it
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9
Q

Circle

A
  1. A set of points in the plane that are equidistant (the same distance away) from a fixed point, which we call the center of the circle
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10
Q

Circumference

A

The distance around a circle

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11
Q

Compound Fraction

A
  1. A fraction in which the numerator and/or denominator is also a fraction
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12
Q

Coordinate

A
  1. The number value assigned to a point on the x- or y- axis. Each point on the coordinate plane is identified by 2 coordinates
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13
Q

Coordinate Plane

A
  1. The 2-dimensional plane, or the xy- plane. A 2 dimensional object formed by 2 number lines - 1 horizontal and 1 vertical (so that they intersect at right angles)
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14
Q

Cross Multiplying

A
  1. A way to determine if 2 ratios are equivalent
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15
Q

Decagon

A
  1. A polygon with 10 sides
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16
Q

Decimal Number

A
  1. A number written in our usual base-10 number system. Often, such a number will contain a decimal point
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17
Q

Decimal Point

A
  1. The dot or period that comes after the ones place and before the tenths place in a decimal number
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18
Q

Denominator

A
  1. The bottom number in a fraction. It tells us how many parts are in the whole
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19
Q

Diameter

A
  1. The length of any line segment that connects 2 points on a circle and also goes through the center of the circle. The diameter is always twice the radius distance
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20
Q

Digit

A
  1. An individual number from 0 to 9 that can be used to make up a larger number. For example, 786 has 3 digits, and 76,566 has 5 digits
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21
Q

Dividend

A
  1. The number that is being divided into groups. It is the number on the inside of the division bar or the top number if a division problem is written as a fraction
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22
Q

Divisor

A
  1. A number that divides another number. In number theory, it is a number that divides another number evenly. It is the number on the outside of the division bar - or the bottom number if a division problem is written as a fraction.
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23
Q

Equiangular

A
  1. When all the angles in a polygon have the same measurements
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24
Q

Equiangular Triangle

A

A triangle that has 3 equal angles. Each of these angles measures 60 degrees

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25
Q

Equilateral

A
  1. When all the sides of a polygon have the same length
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26
Q

Equilateral Triangle

A
  1. A triangle whose 3 sides are all equal in length
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27
Q

Equivalent Fractions

A
  1. Any 2 fractions that have different numerators and denominators but represent the same amount. If a/b and c/d are 2 equivalent fractions, then a x b = b x c.
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28
Q

Even Number

A
  1. A number that is divisible by 2
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29
Q

Exponent

A
  1. The small number written high and to the right of a number that tells how many times the number should be multiplied by itself
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30
Q

Exponentiation

A
  1. Raising a number to a power. In other words, writing the number times itself as many times as the exponent shows. For example, 8 to the 4th is 8 x 8 x 8 x 8. You could also think of it as repeated multiplication.
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31
Q

Factor

A
  1. A number that divides another number evenly, leaving no remainder. It is the same as a divisor
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32
Q

Fraction

A

A part of a whole number. It is usually written as a ratio of 2 whole numbers with 1 number written, a division bar drawn underneath it, and the second number written below

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33
Q

Greatest Common Divisor (GCD)

A
  1. The largest divisor that divides both the numbers with no remainder. It is also known as the Greatest Common Factor (GCF)
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34
Q

Heptagon

A
  1. A polygon with 7 sides
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35
Q

Hexagon

A
  1. A polygon with 6 sides
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36
Q

Hundredths Place

A
  1. The digit second to the right from the decimal point is in the hundredths place.
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37
Q

Improper Fraction

A
  1. A fraction whose numerator is larger than the denominator. For example, 54/23 and 18/15 are both improper fractions
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38
Q

Integers

A

The set of signed numbers. All the positive whole numbers (1,2,3, …), 0, and all the negative whole numbers (-1,-2,-3, …)

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39
Q

Isosceles Triangle

A
  1. A triangle that has 2 sides, or legs, of equal length
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40
Q

Least Common Denominator (LCD)

A
  1. The smallest number that 2 unlike denominators will divide, or the smallest number for which the 2 given denominators are factors. For example, if the denominators were 3 and 4, the least common denominator would be 12
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41
Q

Least Common Multiple (LCM)

A
  1. The smallest number for which 2 given numbers are factors
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42
Q

Like Denominators

A
  1. Having the same denominator in 2 or more fractions
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43
Q

Lowest Terms

A
  1. If a fraction has been reduced, it is said to be in lowest terms
44
Q

Mean

A
  1. The average of all the numbers in a set of data. Also called the arithmetic mean
45
Q

Median

A

The number that is in the exact middle of a set of numbers when they are written from smallest to largest

46
Q

Midpoint

A

The number that is in the exact middle of a set of numbers when they are written from smallest to largest.

47
Q

Mixed Number

A

A whole number that is combined with a fraction. For example, 2 1/2 is a mixed number

48
Q

Mode

A
  1. The number that occurs most often in a set of data
49
Q

Multiples of a Number

A
  1. The numbers you get when you multiply a given number by 1, then 2, then 3, etc. For example, the multiples of 4 are 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, … .
50
Q

Multiplication Principle

A
  1. If you are trying to count the number of ways to do multiple independent events in succession, then the total will just be the product of the number of ways to do each event separately. In other words, if the events are disconnected, or independent of one another, then you just multiply together the number of ways to do each event, and you have your overall answer
51
Q

Negative Number

A
  1. A number that is less than 0. It has a negative sign (also called a minus sign) in front of it
52
Q

Nonagon

A

A polygon with 9 sides

53
Q

Number Line

A
  1. A line in which equally spaced dots are labeled with numbers. It usually is written with an arrow on either end to show that the numbers go on indefinitely
54
Q

Number Theory

A
  1. The study of the properties of whole numbers
55
Q

Numerator

A
  1. The top number in a fraction. It tells us how many parts we have of the whole
56
Q

Numerical Coefficient

A
  1. The number in front of a variable. For example, in 8y to the 3rd, the 8 is the numerical coefficient
57
Q

Obtuse Triangle

A
  1. A triangle that has 1 angle that is greater than 90 degrees
58
Q

Octagon

A
  1. A polygon with 8 sides
59
Q

Odd Number

A
  1. A number that has a remainder of 1 when divided by 2
60
Q

Operation

A
  1. A mathematical process. Some operations include addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division
61
Q

Order of Operations

A
  1. A set of rules that explain in what order operations should be completed in an expression with more than 1 operation
62
Q

Ordered Pair

A
  1. The 2 coordinates used to identify a point on the coordinate plane. Ordered pairs are often written in the form (x,y), with the x-axis coordinate first and the y-axis coordinate second
63
Q

Origin

A
  1. The intersection point of the x-axis and y-axis
64
Q

Outcome

A

A possible result of a probability experiment

65
Q

Parallelogram

A
  1. A 4-sided polygon that consists of 2 pairs of parallel line segments
66
Q

Parity

A
  1. Whether a number is even or odd
67
Q

Pentagon

A
  1. A polygon with 5 sides
68
Q

Percent

A

A number with a percent symbol (%) that tells us what part of a hundred is represented. For example, 75% means “75 per hundred.”

69
Q

Perfect Square

A
  1. A number whose square root is some whole number times itself. For example, 25 is 5 x 5, so it is a perfect square, and 7 is 7 x 1, so it is not a perfect square
70
Q

Pi

A
  1. The ratio of the perimeter of any circle to the diameter. It is approximately 22/7 and is often approximated as 3.14. The exact value of pi is a non-repeating, infinite decimal number. It is given by the following symbol…
71
Q

Place Value

A
  1. The value assigned to a digit based on where it is placed in the number
72
Q

Polygon

A
  1. A closed figure in the plane whose boundary is a set of at least 3 straight lines that intersect at each vertex, or sharp point, of the figure
73
Q

Prime Factorization

A
  1. Breaking a number down into its prime number factors
74
Q

Product

A
  1. The answer to a multiplication problem
75
Q

Proportion

A
  1. A statement that 2 ratios are equal. A proportion is a mathematical sentence that contains an equal sign and 2 equal ratios
76
Q

Quadrant

A
  1. One of the 4 section of the coordinate plane. Quadrants are labled counterclockwise from the top as Roman numerals 1, 2, 3, and 4.
77
Q

Quadrilateral

A

A polygon with 4 sides, or legs

78
Q

Quotient

A
  1. The quantity we obtain by dividing the dividend by the divisor. It’s the answer to a division problem
79
Q

Radical

A
  1. Another name for a square root
80
Q

Radical Symbol

A
  1. Another name for the square root symbol
81
Q

Radius

A
  1. The distance from the center of a circle to any point on the circle
82
Q

Range

A
  1. The difference found by subtracting the largest number in the list from the smallest number in the list of data
83
Q

Ratio

A
  1. A comparison of 2 amounts. It is typically found by dividing 1 number into another
84
Q

Reciprocal

A
  1. A fraction in which the numerator and denominator switch places
85
Q

Rectangle

A
  1. A parallelogram whose angles are all right angles
86
Q

Reducing

A
  1. Making the numerator and denominator the lowest numbers they can be with no common factors
87
Q

Regular Polygon

A
  1. A polygon that is equiangular and equilateral
88
Q

Remainder

A
  1. What “remains’ after a division problem is finished. It is the part that remains after the last subtraction occurs. It is always less than the divisor
89
Q

Right Angle

A
  1. An angle that measures 90 degrees
90
Q

Sample Space

A
  1. The set of all possible outcomes for a particular activity or experiment
91
Q

Scalene Triangle

A

A triangle whose angles are all less than 90 degrees

92
Q

Signed Number

A

A number with a sign (+ or -) in front of it. Some people use this term to refer to the negative numbers (the numbers with a - sign)

93
Q

Slope

A
  1. The “rise over run,” or the change in y over the change in x. It is the quantity of the vertical change in y-values divided by the horizontal change in x-values
94
Q

Square

A
  1. A rectangle whose 4 legs are all the same length
95
Q

Square of a Number

A
  1. The product of a number multiplied by itself
96
Q

Square Root

A
  1. A number that you can multiply by itself to get a certain value. For any real numbers a and b, if a squared = b, then a is a square root of b
97
Q

Tenths Place

A
  1. The digit to the immediate right of the decimal point is in the tenths place
98
Q

Times

A
  1. A way of saying “multiplied by.” For example, 6 times 7 can be written as 6 x 7
99
Q

Triangle

A
  1. A polygon that has exactly 3 sides
100
Q

Units Digit

A
  1. The digit to the far right in a number. It is sometimes referred to as the ones digit
101
Q

Variable

A
  1. A symbol, usually a letter from the alphabet, that represents 1 or more numbers in an expression
102
Q

Vertex

A
  1. The corner-like place where 2 line segments meet in a polygon
103
Q

Whole Number

A
  1. Any of the numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and so on that are not fractions or decimals
104
Q

X-axis

A
  1. The horizontal number line on the coordinate plane
105
Q

Y-axis

A
  1. The vertical number line on the coordinate plane

Mathematics: Formulas & Terms (6 decks)

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